Recent Advances Regarding the Phytochemical and Therapeutic Uses of Populus nigra L. Buds

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Niraula

Khadayat

et al. 2021

Natural products have been the center of attraction ever since they were discovered. Among them, plant-based natural products were popular as analgesics, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cosmetics and possess widespread biotechnological applications. The use of plant products as cosmetics and therapeutics is deep-rooted in Nepalese society. Although there are few ethnobotanical studies conducted, extensive research of these valuable medicinal plants has not been a priority due to the limitation of technology and infrastructure. Here, we selected 4 traditionally used medicinal plants to examine their bioactive properties and their enzyme inhibition potential. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were investigated using an in vitro model followed up by antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present study shows that ethyl acetate fraction of Melastoma melabathrium (IC50 9.1 ± 0.3 µg/mL) and water fraction Acacia catechu (IC50 9.0 ± 0.6 µg/mL) exhibit strong α-glucosidase inhibition. Likewise, the highest α-amylase inhibition was shown by crude extracts of Ficus religiosa (IC50 29.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL) and ethyl acetate fractions of Shorea robusta (IC50 69.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL), and the highest radical scavenging activity was shown by F. religiosa with an IC50 67.4 ± 0.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, to identify the metabolites within the fractions, we employed high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and annotated 17 known metabolites which justify our assumption on activity. Of 4 medicinal plants examined, ethyl acetate fraction of S. robusta, ethyl acetate fraction of M. melabathrium, and water or ethyl acetate fraction of A. catechu extracts illustrated the best activities. With our study, we set up a foundation that provides authentic evidence to the community for use of these traditional plants. The annotated metabolites in this study support earlier experimental evidence towards the inhibition of enzymes. Further study is necessary to explore the clinical efficacy of these secondary molecules, which might be alternatives for the treatment of diabetes and pathogens.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, and Molecular Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Niraula

Khadayat

et al. 2021

“…Compounds such as caprylic acid, methyl ester, lauric acid methyl ester, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene, myristic acid methyl ester [73], catechin, acacatechin, catechutannic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, afzelechin, epiafzelechin, mesquitol, ophioglonin, aromadendrin, kaempferol, baicalin, baicalein, and quercetin [74][75][76][77] and 5-hydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-3-methoxylbenzoic acid, (2S,3S)-3,7,8,3 ′ ,4 ′ -pentahydroxyflavane, rhamnetin, 4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol, 3,3 ′ ,5,5 ′ ,7-pentahydroxyflavane, and fisetinidol [78] were isolated from A. catechu. Phytochemicals such as phenolic and flavonoid isolated from various parts of the plants are used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective candidates [79,80]. Previously, the IC 50 value for inhibition of α-amylase activity by A. catechu ethanol extract was reported as 341:20 ± 15:30 μg/mL by Lakshmi et al [2], while ethanol extract showed an inhibition of 67:8 ± 1:8 μg/mL in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-HRMS Profiling and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd

Adhikari

BioMed Research International

et al. 2021

Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a profoundly used traditional medicinal plant in Asia. Previous studies conducted in this plant are more confined to extract level. Even though bioassay-based studies indicated the true therapeutic potential of this plant, compound annotation was not performed extensively. This research is aimed at assessing the bioactivity of different solvent extracts of the plant followed by annotation of its phytoconstituents. Liquid chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is deployed for the identification of secondary metabolites in various crude extracts. On activity level, its ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 67.8 ± 1 μg/mL and 10.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively, inspected through the substrate-based method. On the other hand, the plant extract showed an antioxidant activity of 23.76 ± 1.57 μg/mL, measured through radical scavenging activity. Similarly, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of A. catechu showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZoI) of 13 and 14 mm, respectively. With the LC-HRMS-based dereplication strategy, we have identified 28 secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoid and phenolic categories. Identification of these metabolites from A. catechu and its biological implication also support the community-based usage of this plant and its medicinal value.

“…The highest content (3.6 %) was observed in the toluene extract of clone H275. Kis et al [22] described a moderate activity against fungi of phenolic acids for several poplar buds extracts.…”

Section: Potential Fungicides In Bark Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A very small amount of ethyl-4ethoxy benzoate and cinnamic acid were detected in clone Max1. Cinnamic acid is found in extracts of polar buds [22]. Another class of bioactive compounds is fatty acids, aldehydes, and alcohols, which were identified in all clones.…”

Section: Potential Fungicides In Bark Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of poplar, buds and leaves are very rich in phenolic compounds; hence, many studies on poplar are focused on these materials [22][23][24][25][26][27]. As early as 1970, Pearl & Darling described the isolation of various glycosides, pyrocatechol and small amounts of an alkaloid by hot water extraction of Populus deltoids bark [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the potential of poplar bark from short-rotation coppices as bio-based fungicidal additives

Bremer

Oktaee²,

Einer³

et al. 2021

Bioenerg. Res.

Bark on trees protects the plant against environmentally adverse conditions as well as fungi and insect attacks. There are different chemical substances, mostly in the outer bark of trees, which can stop fungi from developing. Bark as a by-product of wood plantations is available in high quantity and can serve as an excellent source for the production of eco-fungicides. In the presented article, bark of various poplar clones from two short-rotation coppices (SRC) in Poland and Germany was examined to determine the chemical composition, the possible extraction of potential fungicides (terpenes, aromatic and phenolic substances), and influence of their extracts on slowing the growth of mold fungi. It was proved that the content of the fungicidal substances depends strongly on the clone type. Two methods of extraction—Soxhlet and batch—were compared to obtain fungicidal extracts. Fungicidal substances were found in extracts gained with both approaches. Triterpenes, fatty acids, aldehydes, and alcohols were primarily the active fungicides in the Soxhlet extracts, whereas phenolic substances act as fungicides in the batch extracts.