“…The solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (SPME-GC-MS) was widely used to identify and quantify the volatile compounds in liquid food, such as wine (Heaven and Nash 2012). The accuracy of the SPME-GC-MS method is affected by matrix effect, which is mainly due to compounds in the sample matrix, such as sugars, organic acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, proteins, and inorganic ions (Mitropoulou et al 2011).…”