Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

Abstract

Analysis of biological samples is affected by interfering substances with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes, such as drugs. Biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine and saliva must be properly processed for separation, purification, enrichment and chemical modification to meet the requirements of the analytical instruments. This causes the sample preparation stage to be of undeniable importance in the analysis of such samples through methods such as microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summary of available literature data on microextraction techniques playing a key role for analytical purposes, methods of their implementation in common biological samples, and finally, the most recent examples of application of microextraction techniques in preconcentration of analytes from urine, blood and saliva samples. The objectives and merits of each microextration technique are carefully described in detail with respect to the nature of the biological samples. This review presents the most recent and innovative work published on microextraction application in common biological samples, mostly focused on original studies reported from 2017 to date. The main sections of this review comprise an introduction to the microextraction techniques supported by recent application studies involving quantitative and qualitative results and summaries of the most significant, recently published applications of microextracion methods in biological samples. This article considers recent applications of several microextraction techniques in the field of sample preparation for biological samples including urine, blood and saliva, with consideration for extraction techniques, sample preparation and instrumental detection systems.

Bar Adsorbent Microextraction with Carbon-Based Sorbent Layers for the Identification of Pharmaceutic Substances

“…Nitrogen gas adsorbents at -196 ° C in an autonomous volume device from micromeritics were used to analyze the geometric characteristics of carbon-based composites (model ASAP 2010). The materials (60–100 mg) were caused by trauma at 120°C overnight (16 hrs) under suction (compression 10-2 Pa) before Nitrogen adsorption [21]. The A BET , apparent surface area, was calculated from nitrogen gas adsorbate in the p/p0 region of the adsorbent plot, which guarantees an optimistic intercept on the BET plot’s ordinates (C greater than zero) and a linear rise of n ads (2-p/ p 0 ) with p/ p 0 .…”

Recent molecularly imprinted polymers applications in bioanalysis

“…There are several extraction/microextraction techniques that have been developed, including SPME, SPE, IT-SPME, MEPS, SBSE, Non-fiber SPME, and DSPME. The broad applicability and development of these techniques are thoroughly covered in our previous review paper (Daryanavard et al 2021 ). Some of the developed MIP-based extraction approaches are widely covered in the following sections.…”

Salivary Metabolomics for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using a Rapid Thin-Film Micro-Extraction Method

“…It is similarly vital to implement a pre-concentration process before analysis, as this enables the precise and sensitive detection of target biomarkers. The classical solid phase extraction (SPE) technique is commonly used for sample preparation or preconcentration purposes [29]. However, this technique has some drawbacks, such as high solvent consumption and a longer extraction time.…”