Recent developments and advancements in knee implants materials, manufacturing: A review

Functionally graded additive manufacturing for orthopedic applications

“…To tackle these problems, researchers have developed coated implants with least wear possibility and no metal contacts 66 . The knee implants are categorized into four types: total knee replacement, kneecap implant, unicompartmental knee implant and revision knee implant 67 . The major components of total knee replacement implants are femoral and tibial components.…”

Nano-frictional mechano-reinforcing porous nanowires scaffolds

“…Early humans used natural materials such as wood in an attempt to structurally replace tissues lost because of diseases or injuries. In the early 20 th century, polymers, ceramics, and metal alloys were extensively used to replace biological tissues owing to their desirable mechanical performance and human-friendly functions [1][2][3]. With decades of advancements in materials science, novel approaches are adopted to develop biomaterials.…”