Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review

Shen, Shuting; Li, Xiang; Lü, Xiwu

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16663-8

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…This hanging root-biofilm network of Pistia stratiotes provides a biologically active surface area for biochemical and physical processes such as filtering and entrapment. These submerged long roots capitalize on the contact between the root-biofilm network and the contaminated and polluted water 32 , 33 . These roots also reduce the water velocity which ultimately enhances the microbial activities, sedimentation, plant uptake, transport and biological assimilation rates, thus enhancing pollutant removal efficiency (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland

Ali,

Aslam,

Qadeer

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of Pistia stratiotes for treatment of domestic wastewater in a free surface water flow constructed wetland. The objective of the study was to evaluate contaminants removal efficiency of the constructed wetland vegetated with P. stratiotes in treatment of domestic wastewater against Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10, 20 and 30 days was investigated. This asks for newer and efficient low-cost nature-based water treatment system which along with cost takes into consideration the sustainability of the ecosystem. Five constructed wetland setups improved the wastewater quality and purify it significantly by reducing the TDS by 83%, TSS by 82%, BOD by 82%, COD by 81%, Chloride by 80%, Sulfate by 77%, NH3 by 84% and Total Oil and Grease by 74%. There was an increase in pH of about 11.9%. Color and odor of wastewater was also improved significantly and effectively. It was observed that 30 days’ HRT was optimum for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The final effluent was found to be suitable as per national environmental quality standards and recycled for watering plants and crop irrigation but not for drinking purposes. The treatment in constructed wetland system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and operational and maintenance cost very minimal. Even this research was conducted on the sole purpose of commuting the efficiency of pollutant removal in short span time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland

Ali,

Aslam,

Qadeer

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Metals are generally linked with sulfides in anaerobic soils, forming insoluble sulfides in water. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters of water in FTWs, such as pH, temperature, DO, and organic material levels might alter heavy metal removal effectiveness and subsequent release [54][55][56].…”

Section: Current Problems and Prospects Of Using Plants For Wastewate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, FTWs do not need any complicated technical mechanisms for their installation or manufactured chemical input to sustain functional processes or for maintenance. Hence, low construction and operating costs make this technology a particularly reasonable and practical method in developing countries [56]. According to the research, a 201 m 3 constructed wetland costs approximately 445 USD (1 USD = 176 PKR), a 158 m vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) requires 574 USD, a 251 m 3 horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) requires 1425 USD, a 272 m 3 reed system costs 1040 USD, and a secondary constructed wetland costs 1874 USD (it always varies area to area) [106].…”

Section: Typha Latifoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Industrial Wastewater in a Floating Treatment Wetland: A Case Study of Sialkot Tannery

Younas¹,

Kumar

Deitch

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The city of Sialkot in Pakistan is a hub of leather tanneries, with approximately 260 tanneries in operation and, while producing millions of leather products per day, the city discharges millions of gallons of untreated effluent into drains each day. In order to devise a cost-effective system for the treatment of tannery wastewater, a floating treatment wetland (FTW) was established to treat the effluent using local plant species through phytoremediation. The efficiency of the FTW was tested with three different plant species, each grown separately and operating for three months in the FTW tank. Two of the plant species introduced, water hyacinth and water lettuce, were floating and vascular; the third plant species Typha latifolia was vegetated on a floating mat of styrofoam while the roots extended down to the contaminated water. Wastewater from a tannery drain was pumped into the FTW tank with a flow of 0.5 L per minute and was given a retention time of six days. The influent and effluent from the FTW were periodically tested to determine the percentage removal of contaminants, primarily the total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and chromium. After two months with each species, a significant change in the quality of wastewater was measured: chromium was removed by up to 95 percent by the water hyacinth and water lettuce and 33 percent by the Typha latifolia. The pilot model indicates that FTWs are an effective system to treat effluent from tanneries in a cost-effective way as an alternative to establishing an expensive treatment system with high associated operational costs. It can help in achieving the circular economy concept of conventional wastewater schemes towards more sustainable ones. Moreover, to achieve the principles of circular economy and environmentally friendly development, it is crucial that the substances used for a wetland foundation have the capacity to be recycled, are available at a cheap price, and are locally available.

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“…Moreover, N and P release to surface water bodies primarily originates from agricultural and industrial wastewater runoff, sewage, fossil fuels, stormwater runoff and domestic wastewater (Tang et al 2017;Mustafa and Hayder, 2021). A study by Shen et al (2021) reported that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in most natural water bodies was within 0.95-8.56 mg L -1 and 0.04-0.73 mg L -1 , respectively. Moreover, about 301,565 tonnes of N and 14,845 tonnes of P have been discharged from Polish territory into the Baltic Sea, which is equivalent to 30% and 39% of total inputs into the Baltic Sea and makes Poland the fifth highest polluter among the Baltic region (Wojciechowska et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements and rare earth elements by perennial plants in floating wetlands

Mohsin

2023

Diss. For.

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The impact of urbanization, industrialization, agriculture, mining, and stormwater runoff on ecosystems has resulted in significant water pollution concerns worldwide. Significant attention has been paid to the removal of potentially toxic elements (PTE) and metalloids (e.g., arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and lead (Pb)) by various plant species. However, little research has been published on the simultaneous accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nutrient removal, by floating treatment wetlands (FTW), from stormwater runoff, and the accumulation and recovery of rare earth elements (REE) through energy biomass cultivation. This research bridges knowledge gaps in the remediation of REE using short-rotation willow (Salix spp.) and simulated stormwater remediation of Cd and Cr with Phragmites australis and Iris pseudacorus. In this context, three different microcosm experiments were conducted with perennial plants (P. australis and I. pseudacorus) in FTW. Stem growth, dry biomass, root length, chlorophyll content index (CCI), anatomical plant tissue changes, Cd accumulation and N and P removal from simulated stormwater were investigated over a 50-days period under different Cd doses (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L−1). In addition, the effects of Cr dose (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 μg L−1) on the growth and anatomy of P. australis and I. pseudacorus, as well as on the accumulation of Cr in plant biomass and N and P removal were studied in FTW over a 50-day period. In addition, the effects of REE doses on stem growth, dry biomass, root length and their accumulation in biomass were investigated in two Salix species (S. myrsinifolia and S. schwerinii) and two cultivars (Klara and Karin) in FTW over a 28-day period. The REE treatments contained a single-dose of lanthanum (La: 50 mg L−1), multi-solute of six-REE (La: 11.50 mg L−1 + yttrium (Y: 11 mg L−1) + neodymium (Nd: 10.50 mg L−1) + dysprosium (Dy: 10) + cerium (Ce: 12 mg L−1) + terbium (Tb: 11.50 mg L−1)) and control (without REE). Moreover, REE recovery from biomass ash after combustion was investigated. In this study, P. australis and I. pseudacorus growth parameters were not hampered by Cd stress, their roots accumulated more Cd than the shoots and were capable of lowering N and P concentrations. The impact of Cr was more evident on plant growth under the low- and medium doses (500 and 1000 μg Cr L−1). However, anatomical changes were observed under the high dose (2000 μg Cr L−1, respectively). Both species were able to remove a substantial (98−99%) concentration of N and P within a 10-day period of increased Cr loading. The greatest amount of Cr was retained in P. australis and I. pseudacorus roots. Salix species and cultivars did not show REE toxicity symptoms and displayed a strong growth response compared to the control. All Salix accumulated REE in their biomass, although the greatest amounts of accumulated REE were found in the roots of the Klara and Karin cultivars. The substantial deposition of Cd and Cr in the roots of P. australis and I. pseudacorus, and REE in the Salix roots show their phytostabilization potential. Approximately 80% of the REE was retained in the Salix ash following combustion of the biomass at 1000 °C. The findings in this research reveal that these perennial plants could be suitable candidates to control the runoff from Cd, Cr and REE affected waterbodies into freshwater resources through immobilization aligned with efficient biomass production.

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Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review

Cited by 16 publications

References 166 publications

Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland

Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland

Treatment of Industrial Wastewater in a Floating Treatment Wetland: A Case Study of Sialkot Tannery

Phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements and rare earth elements by perennial plants in floating wetlands

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