“…), or material development properties. The most important wave-based methods for evaluating damages in structures made with concrete are: acoustic emission (AE) (Ospitia et al, 2023), impact echo (IE) (Fülöp et al, 2022), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) (Revilla-Cuesta et al, 2022), surface-wave techniques (Lefever et al, 2022(Lefever et al, , 2023Ahn et al, 2018Ahn et al, , 2022aIn et al, 2015) and diffuse-wave techniques (Quiviger et al, 2012;Payan et al, 2013;In et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018;Ahn et al, 2022b) for monitoring and evaluation of healing, cracks or discontinuities in concrete.…”