Recent developments in plant-downy mildew interactions

Tör, Mahmut; Wood, Tom; Webb, Anne; Göl, Deniz; McDowell, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.010

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Downy mildews such as B. lactucae on lettuce (Parra et al, 2021), P. viticola on grapevines (Li et al, 2015), P. cubensis on cucumber (Zhang et al, 2019) and H. brassicae on brassicas (Liu et al, 2021) are destructive obligate oomycete phytopathogens on fruit and vegetable crops (Thines and Kamoun, 2010;Tör et al, 2023). Genetic variation for downy mildew resistance has also been studied in Brassica species such as B. napus, broccoli, non-heading Chinese cabbage, and Chinese cabbage (Chen et al, 2008;Xiao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ATR2^Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

Kim

Woods-Tör

Çevik

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ArabidopsisCol-0 RPP2A and RPP2B confer recognition ofArabidopsisdowny mildew (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis[Hpa]) isolate Cala2, but the identity of the recognized ATR2Cala2effector was unknown. To revealATR2Cala2, an F2 population was generated from a cross betweenHpa-Cala2 andHpa-Noks1. We identified ATR2Cala2as a non-canonical RxLR-type effector that carries a signal peptide, a dEER motif, and WY domains but no RxLR motif. Recognition ofATR2Cala2and its effector function were verified by biolistic bombardment, ectopic expression andHpainfection. ATR2Cala2is recognized in accession Col-0 but not in Ler-0 in which RPP2A and RPP2B are absent. InATR2Emoy2andATR2Noks1alleles, a frameshift results in an early stop codon. RPP2A and RPP2B are essential for the recognition of ATR2Cala2. Stable and transient expression ofATR2Cala2under 35S promoter inArabidopsisandNicotiana benthamianaenhances disease susceptibility. Two additional Col-0 TIR-NLR (TNL) genes (RPP2CandRPP2D) adjacent toRPP2AandRPP2Bare quantitatively required for full resistance toHpa-Cala2. We comparedRPP2haplotypes in multipleArabidopsisaccessions and showed that all 4 genes are present in all ATR2Cala2-recognizing accessions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the Arabidopsis RPP2 locus that confers resistance to downy mildew (Sinapidou et al, 2004), comprises two genes, RPP2A and RPP2B that are not divergently transcribed. Downy mildews are obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogens and can cause severe diseases on many different vegetable crops (Thines and Kamoun, 2010;Tör et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATR2^Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

Kim

Woods-Tör

Çevik

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The M value serves as a quantitative metric for assessing the distinction between the mean values of a VI of two distinct categories, specifically healthy and infected leaves. It normalizes this difference by considering the combined standard deviations of a VI of these categories in Equation (1). A higher M value signifies an improvement in the separation of overlapping data distributions.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and VI Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A foliar disease, downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae , is a major disease in B. oleracea . After infection, chlorotic and necrotic spots develop on the leaves ( Figure 1 ), which impact both crop yield and overall plant vitality [ 1 , 2 ], making the leaves unmarketable [ 3 , 4 ]. On the underside of the infected leaves, hyaline sporangiophores are produced, and hyaline sporangia will be produced from the sporangiophores [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Using Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices to Assess Brassica Downy Mildew

Liu,

Fernandez,

Liu

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae is a severe disease in Brassica oleracea that significantly reduces crop yield and marketability. This study aims to evaluate different vegetation indices to assess different downy mildew infection levels in the Brassica variety Mildis using hyperspectral data. Artificial inoculation using H. brassicae sporangia suspension was conducted to induce different levels of downy mildew disease. Spectral measurements, spanning 350 nm to 1050 nm, were conducted on the leaves using an environmentally controlled setup, and the reflectance data were acquired and processed. The Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and signal sensitivity calculation were used to extract the most informative wavelengths that could be used to develop downy mildew indices (DMI). A total of 37 existing vegetation indices and three proposed DMIs were evaluated to indicate downy mildew (DM) infection levels. The results showed that the classification using a support vector machine achieved accuracies of 71.3%, 80.7%, and 85.3% for distinguishing healthy leaves from DM1 (early infection), DM2 (progressed infection), and DM3 (severe infection) leaves using the proposed downy mildew index. The proposed new downy mildew index potentially enables the development of an automated DM monitoring system and resistance profiling in Brassica breeding lines.

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“…Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable grown in more than 100 countries, with a total yield of over 29 million tons in 2019 (FAOSTAT, 2019). One of the most important goals in lettuce breeding programs is the introgression of durable resistance ( R ) genes against lettuce downy mildew, a destructive disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae Regel (Lebeda et al., 2009; Tör et al., 2023). Downy mildew disease outbreaks lead to substantial yield and economic losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

et al. 2023

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Lactuca saligna L. is a wild relative of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), with which it is partially interfertile. Hybrid progeny suffer from hybrid incompatibility (HI), resulting in reduced fertility and distorted transmission ratios. Lactuca saligna displays broad-spectrum resistance against lettuce downy mildew caused by Bremia lactucae Regel and is considered a non-host species. This phenomenon of resistance in L. saligna is called non-host resistance (NHR). One possible mechanism behind this NHR is through the plant-pathogen interaction triggered by pathogen recognition receptors, including nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We report a chromosome-level genome assembly of L. saligna (accession CGN05327), leading to the identification of two large paracentric inversions (>50 Mb) between L. saligna and L. sativa. Genome-wide searches delineated the major resistance clusters as regions enriched in NLRs and RLKs. Three of the enriched regions co-locate with previously identified NHR intervals. RNA-seq analysis of Bremia-infected lettuce identified several differentially expressed RLKs in NHR regions. Three tandem wall-associated kinase-encoding genes (WAKs) in the NHR8 interval display particularly high expression changes at an early stage of infection. We propose RLKs as strong candidates for determinants of the NHR phenotype of L. saligna.

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Recent developments in plant-downy mildew interactions

Cited by 13 publications

References 102 publications

ATR2^Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

ATR2^Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

Investigation of Using Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices to Assess Brassica Downy Mildew

The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

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Recent developments in plant-downy mildew interactions

Cited by 13 publications

References 102 publications

ATR2Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

ATR2Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

Investigation of Using Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices to Assess Brassica Downy Mildew

The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

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ATR2^Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition

ATR2^Cala2fromArabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition