Recent developments in the chemistry of dihydropyridines

Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Dihydropyridines from Propargyl Vinyl Ethers and Allenic Vinyl Ethers by Gold‐Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement and 6π‐Aza‐electrocyclization

“…Dihydropyridines have been recognized as versatile synthetic intermediates [2] that provide access to a variety of heterocycles such as piperidines (by reduction) [3] and pyridines (by oxidation). [4] Considerable efforts have been directed toward the development of new and efficient methodologies for the synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridines.…”

From Pyrylium to Pyridinium Salts: Understanding Physicochemical Features

“…Pyridinium salts have been also used to achieve asymmetric and regioselective synthesis by additions of Grignard reagents. 2 Furthermore, pyridinium salts have been applied as acylating agents, phase transfer catalyst or ionic liquid and dyes as a result of its intrinsic fluorescence. More recently, bispyridinium moieties have been employed in a tandem cyclization for the synthesis of indolizine derivatives.…”

4-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

“…1,4-DHPs, as a class of calcium modulators, are extensively investigated because of their pharmacological activity as drugs in vasodilatation, hepatoprotection, neuromodulatory, cognition, memory enhancing, neuroprotection, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetes, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-tumor [2]. The most notable examples are the 1,4-DHP based calcium channel blocker drugs such as nifedipine, felodipine, and nicardipine (Figure 1), which are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases [3,4].…”