Recent developments in the molecular discrimination of formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Rapid and reliable detection and identification of potential plant pathogens is required for taking appropriate and timely disease management measures. For many microbial species of which all strains generally are plant pathogens on a known host range, this has become quite straightforward. However, for some fungal species this is quite a challenge. One of these is Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr., which, as a species, has a very broad host range, while individual strains are usually highly host-specific. Moreover, many strains of this fungus are non-pathogenic soil inhabitants. Thus, with regard to effective disease management, identification below the species level is highly desirable. So far, the genetic basis of host specificity in F. oxysporum is poorly understood. Furthermore, strains that infect a particular plant species are not necessarily more closely related to each other than to strains that infect other hosts. Despite these difficulties, recently an increasing number of studies have reported the successful development of molecular markers to discriminate F. oxysporum strains below the species level.

Plant defense response against Fusarium oxysporum and strategies to develop tolerant genotypes in banana

“…Classifying Fusarium is always difficult but a FUSARIUM ID v. 1.0, a publicly available database based on partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TeF) DNA sequences, which can be used as a phylogenetic marker has been created (Geiser et al 2004). The recent development in the molecular discrimination of Fox was reviewed by Lievens et al (2008). Recently few studies have demonstrated the efficient use of markers to detect and assess the genetic diversity of Foc (Dita et al 2010;Groenewald et al 2006;Ingle and Ingle 2013;Leong et al 2010;Li et al 2011a).…”

Designing a SCAR molecular marker for monitoring Trichoderma cf. harzianum in experimental communities

“…could lead to underestimating the actual population of the fungus (Black and Foarde, 2007;Martin-Laurent et al, 2001). SCAR markers derived from an RAPD assay have been used to detect different organisms at isolate or strain levels, such as Gliocladium catenulatum (Paavanen-Huhtala et al, 2000) and Fusarium oxysporum (del Mar Jiménez-Gascó and Jiménez-Díaz, 2003;Pasquali et al, 2006;Lievens et al, 2008). In addition, SCAR markers derived from an RAPD assay have been also previously reported and used to detect different Trichoderma species or strains in different samples with varying detection limits.…”

Molecular Tools for Detection of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Fungicide Resistance

“…Some of the specific DNA fragments detected in a profile may be cut out of the gel and sequenced to obtain a SCAR (Sequence-characterized amplified region), into which specific primers can be designed for a more precise PCR detection. SCAR primers have been used for instance to specifically identify Phytophthora cactorum (Causin et al, 2005), Fusarium subglutinans (Zaccaro et al, 2007) and Guignardia citricarpa (Stringari et al, 2009) in infected plant material; to distinguish among several formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum (Lievens et al, 2008); to differentiate the bioherbicidal strain of Sclerotinia minor from like organisms (Pan et al, 2010) (Hyun et al, 2009). This technique has also been applied to differentiate fungi isolates according to their host plant (Midorikawa et al, 2008), enzyme production profiles (Saldanha et al, 2007) or geographical origin and chemotypes (Zheng et al, 2009).…”