Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors

Yang, Xudong; Cheng, Huanyu

doi:10.3390/mi11030243

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(269 reference statements)

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“…However, the recent development of Cu-based inks/pastes described in this review would allow a real application of flexible devices such as smart robotics, electronic skin, optoelectronics, human motion, health monitoring systems, and human–machine interactive systems in the future. Recently, human-friendly stretchable electronics, combined with analytical biosensing, are extending the concept of healthcare and enabling much more accurate and comfortable monitoring in real-time [ 160 , 161 , 162 ]. However, “metal”-based electronics are limited to the stretchability compared to “organic”-based electronics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Interface Designs in Copper-Based Conductive Inks for Printed/Flexible Electronics

Tomotoshi

Kawasaki

2020

Nanomaterials

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Silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) have been utilized as metals for fabricating metal-based inks/pastes for printed/flexible electronics. Among them, Cu is the most promising candidate for metal-based inks/pastes. Cu has high intrinsic electrical/thermal conductivity, which is more cost-effective and abundant, as compared to Ag. Moreover, the migration tendency of Cu is less than that of Ag. Thus, recently, Cu-based inks/pastes have gained increasing attention as conductive inks/pastes for printed/flexible electronics. However, the disadvantages of Cu-based inks/pastes are their instability against oxidation under an ambient condition and tendency to form insulating layers of Cu oxide, such as cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO). The formation of the Cu oxidation causes a low conductivity in sintered Cu films and interferes with the sintering of Cu particles. In this review, we summarize the surface and interface designs for Cu-based conductive inks/pastes, in which the strategies for the oxidation resistance of Cu and low-temperature sintering are applied to produce highly conductive Cu patterns/electrodes on flexible substrates. First, we classify the Cu-based inks/pastes and briefly describe the surface oxidation behaviors of Cu. Next, we describe various surface control approaches for Cu-based inks/pastes to achieve both the oxidation resistance and low-temperature sintering to produce highly conductive Cu patterns/electrodes on flexible substrates. These surface control approaches include surface designs by polymers, small ligands, core-shell structures, and surface activation. Recently developed Cu-based mixed inks/pastes are also described, and the synergy effect in the mixed inks/pastes offers improved performances compared with the single use of each component. Finally, we offer our perspectives on Cu-based inks/pastes for future efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Interface Designs in Copper-Based Conductive Inks for Printed/Flexible Electronics

Tomotoshi

Kawasaki

2020

Nanomaterials

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“…Biochemical sensors have been used to measure biomarkers in intercellular fluid, saliva, blood, tears, and sweat [41][42][43][44][45] . These biomarkers can be positively correlated with the occurrence of oral and eye diseases, which are also linked to systemic diseases.…”

Section: Biochemical Sensing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology

et al. 2021

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Micro/nanodevices have been widely applied for the real-time monitoring of intracellular activities and the delivery of exogenous substances in the past few years. This review focuses on miniaturized micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology. We first summarize the recent progress in this field by examining the available materials and fabrication techniques, device design principles, mechanisms, and biosafety aspects of micro/nanodevices. Following a discussion of biochemical sensing technology from the cellular level to the tissue level for disease assessment, we then summarize the use of microneedles and other micro/nanodevices in the treatment of oral and ocular diseases and conditions, including oral cancer, eye wrinkles, keratitis, and infections. Along with the identified key challenges, this review concludes with future directions as a small fraction of vast opportunities, calling for joint efforts between clinicians and engineers with diverse backgrounds to help facilitate the rapid development of this burgeoning field in stomatology and ophthalmology.

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“…Most of the sensors for monitoring electrolyte levels that have been developed rely on the potentiometric technique [110]. As the development of wearable sensors is needed to overcome the challenge pertaining to the mechanical aspects when considering the application with real biological systems, it is essential to make the sensor to be both mechanically compliant and robust [96,111]. This mechanical quality is significant to reserve electrochemical performances during the deformation of the sensor.…”

Section: Developing Electrolyte Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Nanomaterials to Modern Biomedical Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites, Electrolytes, and Pathogens

2020

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Personal biosensors and bioelectronics have been demonstrated for use in out-of-clinic biomedical devices. Such modern devices have the potential to transform traditional clinical analysis into a new approach, allowing patients or users to screen their own health or warning of diseases. Researchers aim to explore the opportunities of easy-to-wear and easy-to-carry sensors that would empower users to detect biomarkers, electrolytes, or pathogens at home in a rapid and easy way. This mobility would open the door for early diagnosis and personalized healthcare management to a wide audience. In this review, we focus on the recent progress made in modern electrochemical sensors, which holds promising potential to support point-of-care technologies. Key original research articles covered in this review are mainly experimental reports published from 2018 to 2020. Strategies for the detection of metabolites, ions, and viruses are updated in this article. The relevant challenges and opportunities of applying nanomaterials to support the fabrication of new electrochemical biosensors are also discussed. Finally, perspectives regarding potential benefits and current challenges of the technology are included. The growing area of personal biosensors is expected to push their application closer to a new phase of biomedical advancement.

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Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors

Cited by 65 publications

References 212 publications

Surface and Interface Designs in Copper-Based Conductive Inks for Printed/Flexible Electronics

Surface and Interface Designs in Copper-Based Conductive Inks for Printed/Flexible Electronics

Micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology

Applying Nanomaterials to Modern Biomedical Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites, Electrolytes, and Pathogens

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