Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland

Smura, Teemu; Tonteri, Elina; Jääskeläinen, Anu; Troil, Gabriel von; Kuivanen, Suvi; Huitu, Otso; Kareinen, Lauri; Uusitalo, Joni; Uusitalo, Ruut; Hannila‐Handelberg, Tuula; Voutilainen, Liina; Nikkari, Simo; Sironen, Tarja; Sane, Jussi; Castrén, Janne; Vapalahti, Olli

doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1612279

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Nucleotide sequence distances, both within and between subtypes, were below the level of synonymous mutation saturation (about 20%). This is concordant with the hypothesis that TBEV is a rather "young" virus that emerged recently, 1000-10,000 years ago, according to various estimates of substitution rates [13,24,50,70].…”

Section: ("Obskaya Lineage")supporting

confidence: 87%

TBEV Subtyping in Terms of Genetic Distance

Deviatkin

Karganova

Vakulenko

2020

Viruses

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Currently, the lowest formal taxon in virus classification is species; however, unofficial lower-level units are commonly used in everyday work. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a species of mammalian tick-borne flaviviruses that may cause encephalitis. Many known representatives of TBEV are grouped into subtypes, mostly according to their phylogenetic relationship. However, the emergence of novel sequences could dissolve this phylogenetic grouping; in the absence of strict quantitative criterion, it may be hard to define the borders of the first TBEV taxonomic unit below the species level. In this study, the nucleotide/amino-acid space of all known TBEV sequences was analyzed. Amino-acid sequence p-distances could not reliably distinguish TBEV subtypes. Viruses that differed by less than 10% of nucleotides in the polyprotein-coding gene belonged to the same subtype. At the same time, more divergent viruses were representatives of different subtypes. According to this distance criterion, TBEV species may be divided into seven subtypes: TBEV-Eur, TBEV-Sib, TBEV-FE, TBEV-2871 (TBEV-Ob), TBEV-Him, TBEV-178-79 (TBEV-Bkl-1), and TBEV-886-84 (TBEV-Bkl-2).

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Section: ("Obskaya Lineage")supporting

confidence: 87%

TBEV Subtyping in Terms of Genetic Distance

Deviatkin

Karganova

Vakulenko

2020

Viruses

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“…Ticks were homogenised and RNA was extracted as described previously [10]. Total nucleic acids from human serum samples were extracted using MagNa Pure LC 2.0 instrument and Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).…”

Section: Rna and Antibody Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of novel tick-borne pathogen, Alongshan virus, in Ixodes ricinus ticks, south-eastern Finland, 2019

et al. 2019

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The newly identified tick-borne Alongshan virus (ALSV), a segmented Jingmen virus group flavivirus, was recently associated with human disease in China. We report the detection of ALSV RNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks in south-eastern Finland. Screening of sera from patients suspected for tick-borne encephalitis for Jingmen tick virus-like virus RNA and antibodies revealed no human cases. The presence of ALSV in common European ticks warrants further investigations on its role as a human pathogen.

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“…The most commonly used taxonomic term for dividing TBEV species into lower taxonomic levels is a "subtype" [6,13,21,[55][56][57]. Clusters with significant statistical support were observed within the subtype, further termed as "subtype groups" or "subgroups".…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: An Emerging Ancient Zoonosis?

Deviatkin

Kholodilov

Vakulenko

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most important viral zoonosis transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. In this study, all tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) E gene sequences available in GenBank as of June 2019 with known date of isolation (n = 551) were analyzed. Simulation studies showed that a sample bias could significantly affect earlier studies, because small TBEV datasets (n = 50) produced non-overlapping intervals for evolutionary rate estimates. An apparent lack of a temporal signal in TBEV, in general, was found, precluding molecular clock analysis of all TBEV subtypes in one dataset. Within all subtypes and most of the smaller groups in these subtypes, there was evidence of many medium- and long-distance virus transfers. These multiple random events may play a key role in the virus spreading. For some groups, virus diversity within one territory was similar to diversity over the whole geographic range. This is best exemplified by the virus diversity observed in Switzerland or Czech Republic. These two countries yielded most of the known European subtype Eu3 subgroup sequences, and the diversity of viruses found within each of these small countries is comparable to that of the whole Eu3 subgroup, which is prevalent all over Central and Eastern Europe. Most of the deep tree nodes within all three established TBEV subtypes dated less than 300 years back. This could be explained by the recent emergence of most of the known TBEV diversity. Results of bioinformatics analysis presented here, together with multiple field findings, suggest that TBEV may be regarded as an emerging disease.

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Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

TBEV Subtyping in Terms of Genetic Distance

TBEV Subtyping in Terms of Genetic Distance

Detection of novel tick-borne pathogen, Alongshan virus, in Ixodes ricinus ticks, south-eastern Finland, 2019

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: An Emerging Ancient Zoonosis?

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