Recent gestational diabetes was associated with mothers stopping predominant breastfeeding earlier in a multi‐ethnic population

Bærug, Anne; Sletner, Line; Laake, Petter; Fretheim, Atle; Løland, Beate Fossum; Waage, Christin W.; Birkeland, Kåre I.; Jenum, Anne Karen

doi:10.1111/apa.14274

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All ethnic minority groups were more likely to have unhealthier dietary pattern in pregnancy than European women, although the differences were largely explained by lower socioeconomic status and lower integration level in ethnic minority groups 45. South Asian women were also less likely to breast feed at 3 months postpartum than Western European women which may partly explain differences in weight retention 46. Furthermore, these findings from our cohort are supported by results from other studies conducted among ethnic minorities in Oslo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesTo explore ethnic differences in changes in body mass index (BMI) from the age of 18 years to 3 months postpartum.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingChild Health Clinics in Oslo, Norway.ParticipantsParticipants were 811 pregnant women (mean age 30 years). Ethnicity was categorised into six groups.Primary outcome measuresThe outcome variable was BMI (kg/m2) measured at the age of 18 and 25 years, at prepregnancy and at 3 months postpartum. Body weight at 18 years, 25 years and prepregnancy were self-reported in early pregnancy, while body height and weight at 3 months postpartum were measured. The main statistical method was generalised estimating equations, adjusted for age. The analyses were stratified by parity due to ethnicity×time×parity interaction (p<0.001).ResultsPrimiparous South Asian women had a 1.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 2.52) kg/m² higher and Middle Eastern women had 1.43 (0.16 to 2.70) kg/m2higher mean BMI increase from 18 years to postpartum than Western European women. Among multiparous women, the mean BMI increased 1.99 (1.02 to 2.95) kg/m2more in South Asian women, 1.48 (0.31 to 2.64) kg/m2more in Middle Eastern women and 2.49 (0.55 to 4.42) kg/m2more in African women than in Western European women from 18 years to prepregnancy. From 18 years to postpartum, the mean increase was 4.40 (2.38 to 6.42) kg/m2higher in African women and 1.94 to 2.78 kg/m2higher in the other groups than in Western European women.ConclusionsMultiparous women of ethnic minority origin seem substantially more prone to long-term weight gain than multiparous Western European women in Norway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway

et al. 2019

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“…While the majority of babies in the study received breast milk during the first week, the proportion was less than in the general population in Norway 47. Studies do report differences in breast feeding initiation by maternal diabetes status and race 48 49. In addition, the breast feeding pattern in many South Asian and Middle East countries is characterised by late initiation of breast feeding and non-exclusive breast feeding 50 51.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Pregnant+ smartphone application in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial in Norway

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the Pregnant+ app on the 2-hour glucose level of the routine postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Pregnant+ app was designed to provide information about GDM, and promote physical activity and a healthy diet.DesignA multicentre, non-blinded randomised controlled trial.SettingFive diabetes outpatient clinics in the Oslo region.ParticipantsWomen ≥18 years old with a 2-hour OGTT blood glucose level ≥9 mmol/L who owned a smartphone; understood Norwegian, Urdu or Somali; and were <33 weeks pregnant. A total of 238 women were randomised; 158 women completed the OGTT post partum.InterventionThe Pregnant+ app and usual care, the control group received usual care.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the 2-hour blood glucose level of the routine postpartum OGTT. Secondary outcomes reported were mode of delivery, induction of labour, Apgar score, birth weight, transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit and breast feeding practice. Blood glucose levels during pregnancy, knowledge of diabetes, diet and physical activity are not reported.ResultsNo difference was found for the 2-hour blood glucose level of the postpartum OGTT, with 6.7 mmol/L (95% CI 6.2 to 7.1) in the intervention group and 6.0 mmol/L (95% CI 5.6 to 6.3) in the control group. The significant difference in the proportion of emergency caesarean sections between the intervention group, 10 (8.8%) and the usual care group, 27 (22.1%), disappeared when adjusted for parity. There were no differences in birth weight, breast feeding practice, obstetric complications or transfer to the intensive neonatal care unit. No adverse events were registered.ConclusionThe Pregnant+ app had no effect on 2-hour glucose level at routine postpartum OGTT. After controlling for parity, the difference in emergency caesarean section was not statistically significant.Trial registration number NCT02588729.

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“…Moreover, the breastfeeding rates of GDM women are falling faster [ 7 – 10 ]. Several studies have reported that women with GDM have lower rates of breastfeeding and earlier interruption of breastfeeding in the first 6 months [ 11 , 12 ]. Study has shown that the main factors that hinder breastfeeding include maternal factors, social factors and work-related factors [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the breastfeeding knowledge level and its influencing factors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Wang

You

Luo

2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Studies reveal that promoting the breastfeeding knowledge level help to improve breastfeeding behaviors. Promoting breastfeeding knowledge is a simple and economical way to increase breastfeeding rates. However, there are no studies focus on the level of breastfeeding knowledge and factors influencing the knowledge in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is defined as any degree of glucose tolerance impairment first diagnosed during pregnancy. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women and explore factors influencing the knowledge level. Methods Cross-sectional survey and convenience sampling were conducted in this study. The sociodemographic characteristics, caregivers in pregnancy, knowledge source, breastfeeding status and breast status information of participants were collected. Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale was used to assess the breastfeeding knowledge level of pregnant women with GDM. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence factors of breastfeeding knowledge level in this study. Results A total of 226 questionnaires were issued and finally 212 valid questionnaires were collected. Some misconceptions still existed (e.g. ‘breastfeeding cannot prevent your baby from being overweight’ and ‘it is advisable to breastfeed 3-4 times per day within 2-3 days after delivery’), although women with GDM had a good score of breastfeeding knowledge (mean score: 103.5 ± 10.4). Multiple linear regression analysis found that gestational age, family per capita monthly income, educational level, knowledge source were the independent protective factors for breastfeeding knowledge and minority nationality was the independent risk factor. The educational level had the greatest influence on the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women (β = 0.210, t = 2.978, P = 0.003). Conclusion GDM pregnant women with insufficient gestational age, low educational level, low family per capita monthly income and single access to knowledge should be included in the focus of health education on breastfeeding. In-depth and systematic health education should be conducted for pregnant women with GDM to improve their breastfeeding rate.

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Recent gestational diabetes was associated with mothers stopping predominant breastfeeding earlier in a multi‐ethnic population

Abstract: Recent gestational diabetes was associated with earlier cessation of predominant breastfeeding in Western European and non-Western women.

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway

Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway

Effect of the Pregnant+ smartphone application in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial in Norway

Exploring the breastfeeding knowledge level and its influencing factors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

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