Recent Improvement Strategies on Metal-Organic Frameworks as Adsorbent, Catalyst, and Membrane for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

The accumulation of pollutants in water is dangerous for the environment and human lives. Some of them are considered as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that cannot be eliminated from wastewater effluent. Thus, many researchers have devoted their efforts to improving the existing technology or providing an alternative strategy to solve this environmental problem. One of the attractive materials for this purpose are metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their superior high surface area, high porosity, and the tunable features of their structures and function. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive description of MOFs and their crucial role as adsorbent, catalyst, and membrane in wastewater treatment. This study also highlighted several strategies to improve their capability to remove pollutants from water effluent.

Facile and Green Fabrication of Microwave-Assisted Reduced Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for Rhodamine 6G Degradation

“…1,2 On the other hand, most synthetic dyes are categorized into recalcitrant pollutants, which are difficult to degrade completely through conventional physical, chemical, and biological processes. 1,3,4 Many serious problems such as color pollution, reduced water photosynthetic activity, physiological disorder, and cancer in the human body can occur if these synthetic dyes are released directly to the environment untreated. 1 Thus, an alternative method is needed to overcome these problems.…”

“…Advanced oxidation process (AOP) technology such as Fenton-based catalysts 3,5,6 and photocatalysts 3,7 can eliminate persistent organic pollutants through total mineralization into CO 2 and H 2 O, which are harmless to the environment. 4 Photocatalytic degradation is an attractive solution for synthetic dye removal in a water stream because of the abundance of its energy source in sunlight and no other chemical substances being needed, making it cheaper compared to other methods.…”

“…In textile industries alone, 1.5 million liters of effluents per day are released into natural water sources from a fabric mill producing 60 × 10 4 m of textile fabrics . Synthetic dyes, which are abundant in effluents, are used extensively in textile industries because of their higher color yield, lower water usage and steam consumption, shorter cycle time, and cheaper cost compared to natural dyes. , On the other hand, most synthetic dyes are categorized into recalcitrant pollutants, which are difficult to degrade completely through conventional physical, chemical, and biological processes. ,, Many serious problems such as color pollution, reduced water photosynthetic activity, physiological disorder, and cancer in the human body can occur if these synthetic dyes are released directly to the environment untreated . Thus, an alternative method is needed to overcome these problems.…”

“…Advanced oxidation process (AOP) technology such as Fenton-based catalysts ,, and photocatalysts , can eliminate persistent organic pollutants through total mineralization into CO 2 and H 2 O, which are harmless to the environment . Photocatalytic degradation is an attractive solution for synthetic dye removal in a water stream because of the abundance of its energy source in sunlight and no other chemical substances being needed, making it cheaper compared to other methods. − To date, there are various nanostructure materials that have been explored as photocatalysts such as graphitic carbon nitride-based composites, − transition-metal selenides and diselenides, PrVO 4 , Tl 4 CdI 6 , and Nd 2 Sn 2 O 7 .…”

Assembling Ultrafine SnO2 Nanoparticles on MIL-101(Cr) Octahedrons for Efficient Fuel Photocatalytic Denitrification

“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of crystalline porous materials with tailored pores/structures and high surface areas, have attracted great interest in various fields [8]. Owing to their high specific surface area, adjustable pore size, and easily modified surfaces, MOFs are strong candidates for photocatalysis [9][10][11][12]. The application of MOFs as photocatalysts was reported as early as 2004 by Garcia et al [13].…”