Recent insight into the role of macrophage in alcohol-associated liver disease: a mini-review

Sun, Jialiang; Zhao, Peiliang; Shi, Ying; Li, Yanan

doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1292016

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

2023

DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1292016

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Recent insight into the role of macrophage in alcohol-associated liver disease: a mini-review

Jialiang Sun,

Peiliang Zhao,

Ying Shi

et al.

Abstract: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a condition that develops due to prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption. It encompasses various stages of liver damage, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Immune cells, particularly macrophages, of various types play a significant role in the onset and progression of the disease. Macrophages observed in the liver exhibit diverse differentiation forms, and perform a range of functions. Beyond M1 and M2 macrophages, human macrophages can pola… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease

Raya Tonetti,

Eguileor,

Mrdjen

et al. 2024

Hepatology

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The growing recognition of the role of the gut microbiome's impact on alcohol-related diseases, especially in alcohol-associated liver disease, emphasizes the need to understand molecular mechanisms involved in governing organ-organ communication to identify novel avenues to combat alcohol-related diseases. The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional communication and interaction between gut and liver. Intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis within the gut-liver axis and this axis plays a significant role in alcohol-associated liver disease. The intricate communication between intestine and liver involves communication between multiple cellular components in each organ that enable them to carry out their physiological functions. In this review, we focus on novel approaches to understanding how chronic alcohol exposure impacts the microbiome, and individual cells within the liver and intestine, as well as the impact of ethanol on the molecular machinery required for intra- and inter-organ communication.

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Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease

Raya Tonetti,

Eguileor,

Mrdjen

et al. 2024

Hepatology

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Cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ crosstalk in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease

Gao,

Jiang,

Zeng

et al. 2024

egastro

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Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a growing global health concern and its prevalence and severity are increasing steadily. While bacterial endotoxin translocation into the portal circulation is a well-established key factor, recent evidence highlights the critical role of sterile inflammation, triggered by diverse stimuli, in alcohol-induced liver injury. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex interactions within the hepatic microenvironment in ALD. It examines the contributions of both parenchymal cells, like hepatocytes, and non-parenchymal cells, such as hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, neutrophils, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, in driving the progression of the disease. Additionally, we explored the involvement of key mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and inflammasomes, which regulate inflammatory responses and promote liver injury and fibrosis. A particular focus has been placed on extracellular vesicles (EVs) as essential mediators of intercellular communication both within and beyond the liver. These vesicles facilitate the transfer of signalling molecules, such as microRNAs and proteins, which modulate immune responses, fibrogenesis and lipid metabolism, thereby influencing disease progression. Moreover, we underscore the importance of organ-to-organ crosstalk, particularly in the gut-liver axis, where dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability lead to microbial translocation, exacerbating hepatic inflammation. The adipose-liver axis is also highlighted, particularly the impact of adipokines and free fatty acids from adipose tissue on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in the context of alcohol consumption.

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The role of macrophages in liver fibrosis: composition, heterogeneity, and therapeutic strategies

Ma,

Qiu,

Zou

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Macrophages, the predominant immune cells in the liver, are essential for maintaining hepatic homeostasis and responding to liver injury caused by external stressors. The hepatic macrophage population is highly heterogeneous and plastic, mainly comprised of hepatic resident kuffer cells (KCs), monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMφs), lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs), and liver capsular macrophages (LCMs). KCs, a population of resident macrophages, are localized in the liver and can self-renew through in situ proliferation. However, MoMφs in the liver are recruited from the periphery circulation. LAMs are a self-renewing subgroup of liver macrophages near the bile duct. While LCMs are located in the liver capsule and derived from peripheral monocytes. LAMs and LCMs are also involved in liver damage induced by various factors. Hepatic macrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes and functions depending on the specific microenvironment in the liver. KCs are critical for initiating inflammatory responses after sensing tissue damage, while the MoMφs infiltrated in the liver are implicated in both the progression and resolution of chronic hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The regulatory function of liver macrophages in hepatic fibrosis has attracted significant interest in current research. Numerous literatures have documented that the MoMφs in the liver have a dual impact on the progression and resolution of liver fibrosis. The MoMφs in the liver can be categorized into two subtypes based on their Ly-6C expression level: inflammatory macrophages with high Ly-6C expression (referred to as Ly-6Chi subgroup macrophages) and reparative macrophages with low Ly-6C expression (referred to as Ly-6Clo subgroup macrophages). Ly-6Chi subgroup macrophages are conducive to the occurrence and progression of liver fibrosis, while Ly-6Clo subgroup macrophages are associated with the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and regression of liver fibrosis. Given this, liver macrophages play a pivotal role in the occurrence, progression, and regression of liver fibrosis. Based on these studies, treatment therapies targeting liver macrophages are also being studied gradually. This review aims to summarize researches on the composition and origin of liver macrophages, the macrophage heterogeneity in the progression and regression of liver fibrosis, and anti-fibrosis therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages in the liver.

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Recent insight into the role of macrophage in alcohol-associated liver disease: a mini-review

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease

Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease

Cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ crosstalk in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease

The role of macrophages in liver fibrosis: composition, heterogeneity, and therapeutic strategies

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