Recent Progress in Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Part 2: Genetics and Epidemiology

Robinson, Morgan; Lee, Brenda Yasie; Hane, Francis

doi:10.3233/jad-161149

Cited by 162 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The latest research has confirmed that amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are causally related to neurodegeneration . However, it has also showed that this causality is not linear, being rather more complex and involving multiple causes . Recent advances on the understanding of Alzheimer's disease genetics and molecular pathways have helped identifying novel cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers, as well as the development of promising new therapies that are currently being tested .…”

Section: Research and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,6 However, it has also showed that this causality is not linear, being rather more complex and involving multiple causes. 4,75 Recent advances on the understanding of Alzheimer's disease genetics and molecular pathways have helped identifying novel cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers, 4,37,76 as well as the development of promising new therapies that are currently being tested. 31,66 Among the promising therapies, are those which target A production, direct targeting of A and tau, and immunotherapy.…”

Section: What Are the Most Promising Strategies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease: An update

Marchini

Ettinger

Caprio

et al. 2019

Special Care in Dentistry

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Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) are among the age‐associated chronic conditions that are most challenging to health care systems around the globe, as patients with dementia require full‐time, intensive care for multiple years. Oral health care is negatively impacted by cognitive decline, and consequently poor oral health is common among people with ADRD. Poor oral health status is linked with many undesirable consequences for the well‐being of people with ADRD, from excruciating local pain to life‐threatening conditions, as aspiration pneumonia. In this paper, the authors provide an update on the most current concepts about Alzheimer's disease epidemiology, etiology, and management, current oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease, oral health promotion strategies for this population, as well as current research and future direction for improving oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease. It concludes that oral health care should be included in the patient's routine health care as early as possible in the progression of Alzheimer's disease for preventing rapid oral health deterioration. Establishing oral hygiene routines and providing dental treatment that is customized to the patients’ individual needs and disease stage are important to achieve good oral health outcomes and prevent quality of life decline.

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Section: Research and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Are the Most Promising Strategies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease: An update

Marchini

Ettinger

Caprio

et al. 2019

Special Care in Dentistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Proteins encoded by the identified genes tend to fall in more than one pathway: APOE , CLU , CR1 , PICALM , BIN1 , and ABCA7 are part of the amyloid pathway; CR1 , EPHA1 , ABCA7 , MS4A4A / MS4A6E , CD33 , and CD2AP fall into the inflammation/immune system pathways. APOE , CLU , a ABCA7 nd are part of lipid transport and metabolism pathways; CLU , PICALM , BIN1 , EPHA1 , CD33 , and CD2AP in synaptic cell functioning/endocytosis pathways [27, 28]. The HLA locus, which plays a central role in the immune system, showed a strong associations at DRB1 and DRB5 paralogues (i.e., the genetic result of a duplication event), which encode for genes expressed in antigen-presenting cells, and whose protein products bind antigens accessing the endocytic route whereby cells internalize extracellular matter.…”

Section: Gwasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease: the Importance of Polygenic and Epistatic Components

Raghavan

Tosto

2017

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review We aimed to summarize the recent advances in genetic findings of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focusing on traditional single-marker and gene approaches and non-traditional ones, i.e., polygenic and epistatic components. Recent Findings Genetic studies have progressed over the last few decades from linkage to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and most recently studies utilizing high-throughput sequencing. So far, GWASs have identified several common variants characterized by small effect sizes (besides APOE-ε4). Sequencing has facilitated the study of rare variants with larger effects. Nevertheless, missing heritability for AD remains extensive; a possible explanation might lie in the existence of polygenic and epistatic components. Summary We review findings achieved by single-marker approaches, but also polygenic and epistatic associations. The latter two are critical, yet-underexplored mechanisms. Genes involved in complex diseases are likely regulated by mechanisms and pathways involving many other genes, an aspect potentially missed by traditional approaches.

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“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a deleterious neurodegenerative disease correlated with age, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory impairment [1]. It is reported that there are currently 36.5 million people worldwide suffering from AD, and it is estimated that this figure will reach 106.8 million people by 2050 [2]. Since AD is an incurable progressive and expenditure disease, AD has thus become a great threat to both family and society, indicating that an effective treatment for this disease is urgently needed [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dihydrotanshinone I Increase Amyloid-β Clearance and Decrease Tau Phosphorylation via Enhancing Autophagy

et al. 2020

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Introduction: The plaques formed by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyper-phosphorylated tau protein are the 2 major pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, autophagy is considered to be a self-degradation process of preserved cytoplasmic abnormal substances, including Aβ and tau. Methods: α-Screen assay is used to discover a new mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling inhibitor, and laser scanning confocal microscopic analysis is used to investigate the autophagy formation. Lastly, ELISA and Western blot assays are used to identify the mTOR signaling inhibitor effect on Aβ and tau and the underlying mechanism. Results: In the current study, we discover that dihydrotanshinone I (DTS I), extracted from Radix Salviae, can obviously inhibit mTOR phosphorylation and increase autophagy via increasing AMPK phosphorylation. Further study demonstrates that DTS I increases Aβ clearance and decreases Tau phosphorylation through autophagy enhancement involved with AMPK/ mTOR pathway. Conclusion: Our study indicates that DTS I can increase Aβ clearance and decrease Tau phosphorylation via autophagy enhancing involved with AMPK/mTOR pathway, which highlights the therapeutic potential of DTS I for the treatment of AD.

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Recent Progress in Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Part 2: Genetics and Epidemiology

Cited by 162 publications

References 99 publications

Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease: An update

Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease: An update

Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease: the Importance of Polygenic and Epistatic Components

Dihydrotanshinone I Increase Amyloid-β Clearance and Decrease Tau Phosphorylation via Enhancing Autophagy

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