Recent progress in cryoablation cancer therapy and nanoparticles mediated cryoablation

Abstract

With rapid advances in modern imaging, minimally invasive ablative procedures have emerged as popular alternatives to surgical removal of tumors. Tumor ablation modalities currently offered in clinical practice include microwave ablation, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and irreversible electroporation. Cryoablation, a non-heat-based method of ablation, is increasingly being used for treating various solid tumors. Accumulated comparative data of cryoablation versus heat-based ablation techniques (e.g., radiofrequency and microwave ablation) shows superior tumor response and quicker recovery time. Evolving research has demonstrated that nanocarriers may serves as excellent catalysts for the cryoablation therapy, imaging guidance, and the co-delivery of therapeutics for minimally invasive, precise, and complete treatment of cancer with immune modulation. This review article focuses on the current status of cryoablation in clinical practice, considers opportunities for enhancing therapeutic outcomes from cryoablation, and discusses new research in the field, including theranostic nanoparticles-mediated cryotherapy and combinational cryo-based immunotherapies.

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy

“…In addition to therapeutic employment, one of the prominent biomedical MNP applications is diagnostic imaging. [ 58–60 ] In MRI, a widely performed diagnostic test, the MNPs are used as a contrast agent to produce clearer images in which the spin–spin relaxation time ( T 2 ) of adjacent hydrogen atoms is quantified as an image. Clinically, patients are first injected with contrast agents that include the MNPs and then subjected to MRI.…”

Cryoablation reshapes the immune microenvironment in the distal tumor and enhances the anti-tumor immunity

“…Previous studies reported that cell contents released by cryoablation contain "danger signals" such as pro-inflammatory cytokine, heat shock protein, DNA, and RNA recognized by toll-like receptors, which activate the natural immune response (1,3,4,7,(13)(14)(15). With the wide application of the new generation of immunotherapy represented by immune-checkpoint inhibitors, cryoablation combined with immunotherapy has shown more and more broad prospects, and several clinical trials are currently exploring combination therapies (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). However, the timing and sequence of cryoablation, the extent of cryoablation, and the choice of target tumor are still unclear, which requires further understanding of the mechanism of cryoablation enhancing anti-tumor immunity.…”

Boron Imidazolate Framework‐Derived Porous Carbon Nanospheres for Dual‐Mode Bioimaging‐Guided Photothermal/Sonodynamic Synergistic Cancer Therapy

“…[ 6 ] However, one of the challenges of PTT is that the externally introduced heat may cause burns in the skin tissue. [ 7 ] The smaller the area being heated, the shorter the treatment time required, and hence, the fewer the adverse effects. Conversely, longer tumor treatment duration, or lower temperatures do not achieve therapeutic goals.…”