Recent progress in exosome research: isolation, characterization and clinical applications

Wang, Xi; Xia, Jingyi; Yang, Lei; Dai, Jingying; He, Lin

doi:10.1038/s41417-023-00617-y

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…While our results underscore the efficacy of the hybrid adipocyte-derived exosome nano platform in vivo , several challenges persist. First, the replacement of the original exosomal core with nano prodrugs eliminates the inherent cellular components like proteins, RNA/DNA and lipids, 29 which could otherwise reprogram cellular functions. For instance, exosomes from M1 macrophages can bolster antitumor immunity, 30 a benefit we forfeit with our current design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Adipocyte-Derived Exosome Nano Platform for Potent Chemo-Phototherapy in Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Liu,

Zhang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The high prevalence and severity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) present a significant menace to human health. Despite the significant advancements in nanotechnology-driven antineoplastic agents, there remains a conspicuous gap in the development of targeted chemotherapeutic agents specifically designed for HCC. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore potent drug delivery systems for effective HCC treatment. Here we have exploited the interplay between HCC and adipocyte to engineer a hybrid adipocyte-derived exosome platform, serving as a versatile vehicle to specifically target HCC and exsert potent antitumor effect. A lipid-like prodrug of docetaxel (DSTG) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-cleavable linker, and a lipid-conjugated photosensitizer (PPLA), spontaneously co-assemble into nanoparticles, functioning as the lipid cores of the hybrid exosomes (HEMPs and NEMPs). These nanoparticles are further encapsuled within adipocyte-derived exosome membranes, enhancing their affinity towards HCC cancer cells. As such, cancer cell uptakes of hybrid exosomes are increased up to 5.73-fold compared to lipid core nanoparticles. Ourin vitroandin vivoexperiments have demonstrated that HEMPs not only enhance the bioactivity of the prodrug and extend its circulation in the bloodstream but also effectively inhibit tumor growth by selectively targeting hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cells. Self-facilitated synergistic drug release subsequently promoting antitumor efficacy, inducing significant inhibition of tumor growth with minimal side effects. Our findings herald a promising direction for the development of targeted HCC therapeutics.Graphical abstractAn adipocyte-derived exosome nanoplatform has been developed for the combined therapy of both chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. The hybrid adipocyte-derived exosome nanoplatform integrates the advantage of targeted co-delivery and combination therapy, which can stimulate the release of drugs under the tumor microenvironment, effectively enhanced targeted co-delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, prolonged blood circulation time and improve the therapeutic effect of hepatocellular carcinoma tumors model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Adipocyte-Derived Exosome Nano Platform for Potent Chemo-Phototherapy in Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Liu,

Zhang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…However, the research and development of iMSC-exosomes face several technical challenges, including (; Zhang et al, 2023 ; Wang X. et al, 2023 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Sadeghi et al, 2023 ; Gurung et al, 2021 ; Hade et al, 2021 ; Tang et al, 2023 ): 1) Identifying the core efficacy components and mechanisms of action of iMSC-exosomes for specific diseases. 2) Enhancing the enrichment and efficacy of specific components within iMSC-140 exosomes.…”

Section: The Advantage and Challenge Of Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies in product engineering of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: unveiling the mechanisms underpinning the promotive effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes

Jiang,

Lv,

Shen

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Articular cartilage injuries present a significant global challenge, particularly in the aging population. These injuries not only restrict movement due to primary damage but also exacerbate elderly degenerative lesions, leading to secondary cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. Addressing osteoarthritis and cartilage damage involves overcoming several technical challenges in biological treatment. The use of induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) with functional gene modifications emerges as a solution, providing a more stable and controllable source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) with reduced heterogeneity. Furthermore, In addition, this review encompasses strategies aimed at enhancing exosome efficacy, comprising the cultivation of MSCs in three-dimensional matrices, augmentation of functional constituents within MSC-derived exosomes, and modification of their surface characteristics. Finally, we delve into the mechanisms through which MSC-exosomes, sourced from diverse tissues, thwart osteoarthritis (OA) progression and facilitate cartilage repair. This review lays a foundational framework for engineering iMSC-exosomes treatment of patients suffering from osteoarthritis and articular cartilage injuries, highlighting cutting-edge research and potential therapeutic pathways.

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“…Exosomes harvested from DCs could hold the best vaccine potential, as they naturally express antigen-presentation molecules. This strategy has already proven its relevance in oncology, with DC exosome-based vaccines that have passed both preclinical and clinical phases, demonstrating good tolerance and safety [ 287 , 288 ]. On the downside, the many clinical trials carried out in recent years with exosome-based cancer immunotherapies have not always produced the expected results, prompting further research into the immune mechanisms controlled by exosomes in vivo [ 289 ].…”

Section: Challenges and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design

El Safadi,

Mokhtari,

Krejbich

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Exosomes are small subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally released by different types of cells into their environment. Their physiological roles appear to be multiple, yet many aspects of their biological activities remain to be understood. These vesicles can transport and deliver a variety of cargoes and may serve as unconventional secretory vesicles. Thus, they play a crucial role as important vectors for intercellular communication and the maintenance of homeostasis. Exosome production and content can vary under several stresses or modifications in the cell microenvironment, influencing cellular responses and stimulating immunity. During infectious processes, exosomes are described as double-edged swords, displaying both beneficial and detrimental effects. Owing to their tractability, the analysis of EVs from multiple biofluids has become a booming tool for monitoring various pathologies, from infectious to cancerous origins. In this review, we present an overview of exosome features and discuss their particular and ambiguous functions in infectious contexts. We then focus on their properties as diagnostic or therapeutic tools. In this regard, we explore the capacity of exosomes to vectorize immunogenic viral antigens and their function in mounting adaptive immune responses. As exosomes provide interesting platforms for antigen presentation, we further review the available data on exosome engineering, which enables peptides of interest to be exposed at their surface. In the light of all these data, exosomes are emerging as promising avenues for vaccine strategies.

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Recent progress in exosome research: isolation, characterization and clinical applications

Cited by 35 publications

References 179 publications

Hybrid Adipocyte-Derived Exosome Nano Platform for Potent Chemo-Phototherapy in Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hybrid Adipocyte-Derived Exosome Nano Platform for Potent Chemo-Phototherapy in Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Strategies in product engineering of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: unveiling the mechanisms underpinning the promotive effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes

Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design

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