Recent Progress in Plasmonic Biosensing Schemes for Virus Detection

Abstract

The global burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to public health and global economy has stressed the need for rapid and simple diagnostic methods. From this perspective, plasmonic-based biosensing can manage the threat of infectious diseases by providing timely virus monitoring. In recent years, many plasmonics’ platforms have embraced the challenge of offering on-site strategies to complement traditional diagnostic methods relying on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This review compiled recent progress on the development of novel plasmonic sensing schemes for the effective control of virus-related diseases. A special focus was set on the utilization of plasmonic nanostructures in combination with other detection formats involving colorimetric, fluorescence, luminescence, or Raman scattering enhancement. The quantification of different viruses (e.g., hepatitis virus, influenza virus, norovirus, dengue virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus) with particular attention to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reviewed from the perspective of the biomarker and the biological receptor immobilized on the sensor chip. Technological limitations including selectivity, stability, and monitoring in biological matrices were also reviewed for different plasmonic-sensing approaches.

Affinity Sensors for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

“…The primary concept of plasmonic biosensors is based on the distribution of surface plasmons lengthwise the interface of the thin metallic layer (usually noble metals), and dielectric [ 86 ]. This method consists of real-time monitoring changes of the refractive index of the medium surrounding the sensor surface during the interactions between the target biocompound and the immobilized biorecognition element [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ].…”

“…This method consists of real-time monitoring changes of the refractive index of the medium surrounding the sensor surface during the interactions between the target biocompound and the immobilized biorecognition element [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ]. Most plasmonic biosensors are built on the basics of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [ 86 , 91 ]. Interactions occur on the surface that is suitable for observation SPR-based signals in two different modes: (1) bulk SPR signal and (2) localized SPR (LSPR) signal.…”

Environmental aspect and applications of nanotechnology to eliminate COVID-19 epidemiology risk

“…Gold and silver nanoparticles are the most popular nanomaterials that are utilized in plasmonic biosensing, in particular LSPR, as they can transform LSPR spectra and harvest color variations, producing a signal response. LSPR based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) succeeds in clinical diagnosing and environmental monitoring [ 37 ].…”

Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review

“…Developments in chemiluminescence have led to an improvement in the optical signal of a luminophore near the surface of metal nanoparticles [ 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 ]. The electromagnetic field of incident light can be enhanced to accelerate the detection and control the energy transfer.…”