Recent progress in soft-templating of porous carbon materials

Abstract

Mesoporous carbons synthesized via a soft-templating approach have attracted much attention due to their easy synthesis and facile control over the derived pore structure. In analogy to soft-templating approaches for mesoporous metal oxides, their synthesis is based on a sequence of forming supramolecular arrangements of precursor molecules with the soft templates, stabilization of the precursor framework by polymerization and finally the removal of the templates. Using micelles of amphiphilic block-copolymers as templates, facile control over the morphology and size of mesopores can be achieved by e.g. controlling size, composition, and concentration of the template polymers or composition and degree of polymerization of the precursor. Moreover, soft templating approaches can be extended to obtain also carbon materials with hierarchical meso-and macroporosity. The additional macroporosity either can result from templating by polymer latex or is induced via macrophase separation. In this review, we describe recent progress and examples in the synthesis and application of mesoporous carbon materials based on soft-templating approaches. Moreover, we reiterate fundamental principles of self-aggregation, highlight proposed synthesis mechanisms and present means of controlling pore size, also in hierarchical meso-macroporous carbon materials.

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

“…53,55 Carbonized RF is of interest to a number of research fields including high energy density (HED) matter relating to battery and capacitor technology. [73][74][75][76] These carbonized materials are of interest because they contain only carbon and have the advantage of being the lowest Z composition porous materials possible. This can be achieved by furnace heating of RF aerogels.…”

Sol–gel carbons from ionothermal syntheses

“…The resulting carbon is herein obtained throughout polymerization/cross-linking followed by carbonization of one of the two phases. Precursors typically are monomers of carbonizable polymers or resins like polyacrylonitrile or resorcinol [4][5][6]. Both templating strategies can be employed to obtain highly ordered nanostructures with high surface area and porosity.…”

Boron-Doped Carbon Nano-/Microballs from Orthoboric Acid-Starch: Preparation, Characterization, and Lithium Ion Storage Properties

“…To date, several approaches including enriching the morphology of solid-liquid interface [1][2][3] and increasing the lithium intercalation sites embedded with versatile heteroatoms have attracted great attention to improve the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous anodic materials [4][5][6][7][8]. Among them, nanostructured morphologies [9][10][11][12][13][14] and heteroatoms embedment have been disclosed to be two of the most important approaches for carbonaceous anodes with brilliant, interesting, and enhanced physicochemical and electrochemical properties.…”