Recent progress in studies of miRNA and skin diseases

Abstract

miRNA is a family of small non-coding RNA that consists of 22 nucleotides on average. miRNA are implicated in various cellular activities such as cell proliferation or migration via the modulation of gene expression, and also are linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases. This paper reviews recent research progress about the contribution of miRNA to the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, and possible application of miRNA as the disease markers in each disease. For example, downregulated miR-424-5p in psoriatic skin causes the overexpression of MEK1 and cyclin E1 in psoriatic keratinocytes, resulting in the keratinocyte overgrowth and hyperproliferation seen in the disease. Although there was no significant difference in the serum miR-424-5p levels between psoriasis patients and healthy controls, serum miR-1266-5p levels were significantly upregulated in psoriasis patients, and showed weak and inverse correlation with disease activity. Furthermore, combination of serum levels of miR-146a-5p and -203a-3p was more reliable to distinguish psoriasis patients and normal subjects, than each miRNA alone. Hair shaft miR-424-5p levels were significantly higher in psoriasis patients than normal subjects, while hair root miR-19a-3p levels in psoriasis patients were inversely correlated with the duration between symptom onset and the first visit to the hospital. Future researches of miRNA will enable the advances of their clinical applications including the clarification of pathogenesis, disease markers and novel treatments.

Are microRNAs true sensors of ageing and cellular senescence?

“…Different types of fungal infections also increase with age, such as onychomycosis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and candidiasis (Jafferany et al, 2012). Jinnin (2015), revealed the role of various miRNAs in common skin diseases (Jinnin, 2015). In 2007, Sonkoly and coworkers, identified a keratinocyte-derived, miR-203 in a panel of 21 different human organs and tissues.…”

Nuclear microRNAs in normal hemopoiesis and cancer

“…Even viruses, particularly herpesviruses, encode miRNAs to enhance their replication potential [11, 12]. The biological importance of miRNAs is further highlighted by the deregulation of miRNA expression in many diverse human diseases including cardiovascular [13], neuronal [14, 15], inflammatory [15], dermatological [16], hepatological [17] and malignant diseases [18–20]. Given their key roles in many normal and disease-related processes, it is not surprising that miRNAs are enthusiastically viewed as potential druggable targets.…”

Prediction of skin anti‐aging clinical benefits of an association of ingredients from marine and maritime origins: Ex vivo evaluation using a label‐free quantitative proteomic and customized data processing approach

“…They dampen or silence gene expression by pairing with the at least partially complementary targeted messenger RNAs. Some miRNAs were identified in human skin in recent years, and it has been shown they are involved in the regulation of skin homeostasis and in some skin diseases . These suggest that some changes potentially occurred regarding isoforms, as well as mRNA turnover and interferences, all of which could change cellular protein equipment and changing functions.…”