Recent Progress on Ex Situ Remediation Technology and Resource Utilization for Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment

Abstract

Sediment is an important part of aquatic systems, which plays a vital role in transporting and storing metals. Due to its abundance, persistence, and environmental toxicity, heavy metal pollution has always been one of the hot spots in the world. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including sediment washing, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), chemical extraction, biological treatment, as well as encapsulating pollutants by adding some stabilized/solidified materials. Furthermore, the progress of sustainable resource utilization methods, such as ecosystem restoration, construction materials (e.g., materials fill materials, partition blocks, and paving blocks), and agriculture use are reviewed in detail. Finally, the pros and cons of each technique are summarized. This information will provide the scientific basis for selecting the appropriate remediation technology in a particular scenario.

The function of microbial enzymes in breaking down soil contaminated with pesticides: a review

“…Besides, incorporation of enzymes with nanomaterial also been proposed to increase the enzymes’ stability, reduce enzyme susceptibility to mechanical stress, retain the structure of enzymes, and protect the enzyme against proteases [ 56 – 58 , 70 ]. Furthermore, recombinant DNA technology and gene engineering have provided more opportunities to produce more efficient enzymes in sufficient quantities [ 34 ].…”

“…To summarize, sustainable remediation techniques must be less energy intensive, prevent pollutant emissions, and create no disruption or controversy in the surrounding community [ 62 , 64 , 70 ]. Bioremediation using microbial-derived enzyme is a safe, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method of decontamination [ 65 ].…”