Recent progress on surfactant protein A: cellular function in lung and kidney disease development

King, Skylar D.; Chen, Shiyou

doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2020

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Another study demonstrated that the addition of ILC2s can make AMs express more M2 macrophages-related markers in vitro ( 88 ). Postnatal adaptation to breathing depends on pulmonary surfactant being synthesized and secreted by type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) ( 89 ). Promoted by M2 macrophages, AEC2 continuously proliferate and differentiate to accelerate alveolar formation ( 90 ).…”

Section: Crosstalk Between Ilc2s and M2 Macrophages During Lung Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review)

Zhu

Lü

2021

Mol Med Rep

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Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important innate immune cells that are involved in type 2 inflammation, in both mice and humans. ILC2s are stimulated by factors, including interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, and activated ILC2s secrete several cytokines that mediate type 2 immunity by inducing profound changes in physiology, including activation of alternative (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages possess immune modulatory, phagocytic, tissue repair and remodeling properties, and can regulate ILC2s under infection. The present review summarizes the role of ILC2s as innate cells and M2 macrophages as anti-inflammatory cells, and discusses current literature on their important biological significance. The present review also highlights how the crosstalk between ILC2s and M2 macrophages contributes to lung development, induces pulmonary parasitic expulsion, exacerbates pulmonary viral and fungal infections and allergic airway diseases, and promotes the development of lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and carcinoma of the lungs. Contents

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Section: Crosstalk Between Ilc2s and M2 Macrophages During Lung Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review)

Zhu

Lü

2021

Mol Med Rep

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“…Pulmonary function parameters and radiographic features on computed tomography images are currently important determinants for the diagnosis and severity and prognosis assessment for IPF. However, accumulating evidence shows that blood levels of certain lung-specific macro-molecules, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6, also known as mucin-1, a glycoprotein expressed on the cell membrane of type 2 alveolar cells) and surfactant protein A (SPA, also secreted by type 2 alveolar cells), are also correlated with the severity of fibrosis and may serve as biomarkers for determining the clinical aspects of IPF [ 36 – 40 ]. While pulmonary function parameters are commonly used to assess the efficacy of antifibrotic treatment, the utility of these, as well as clinical and bio-chemical, characteristics for predicting therapeutic response and adverse outcomes during antifibrotic treatment remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline plasma KL-6 level predicts adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving nintedanib: a retrospective real-world cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background Nintedanib is effective for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but some patients may exhibit a suboptimal response and develop on-treatment acute exacerbation (AE-IPF), hepatic injury, or mortality. It remains unclear which patients are at risk for these adverse outcomes. Methods We analysed the demographic and clinical data, baseline plasma levels of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein A (SPA), and longitudinal clinical courses of a real-world cohort of IPF patients who received nintedanib ≥ 14 days between March 2017 and December 2020. Cox proportional-hazards regression, subdistribution hazards regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the association between baseline predictors and AE-IPF, mortality, and nintedanib-related hepatic injury. The relationship between baseline predictors and pulmonary function decline was determined. Results Fifty-seven patients were included, of whom 24 (42%) developed hepatic injury, 20 (35%) had AE-IPF, and 16 (28%) died on-treatment. A baseline plasma KL-6 level ≥ 2.5 ng/mL, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) < 55% predicted, were associated with increased risk of hepatic injury (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] was 3.46; 95% CI 1.13–10.60; p = 0.029 for KL-6, and 6.05; 95% CI 1.89–19.32; p = 0.002 for DLCO). Both factors also predicted severe and recurrent hepatic injury. Patients with baseline KL-6 ≥ 2.5 ng/mL also had a higher risk of AE-IPF (aHR 4.52; 95% CI 1.63–12.55; p = 0.004). For on-treatment mortality, baseline KL-6 ≥ 3.5 ng/mL and SPA ≥ 600 pg/mL were significant predictors (aHR 5.39; 95% CI 1.16–24.97; p = 0.031 for KL-6, and aHR 12.28; 95% CI 2.06–73.05; p = 0.006 for SPA). Results from subdistribution hazard regression and sensitivity analyses supported these findings. Patients with elevated baseline plasma KL-6 levels also exhibited a trend towards faster pulmonary function decline. Conclusions For patients with IPF who are receiving nintedanib, we have identified baseline predictors, in particular plasma KL-6 levels, for the risk of adverse outcomes. Patients with these predictors may require close monitoring for unfavourable responses during treatment. Our findings also support the prognostic role of molecular markers like KL-6 and may contribute to future formulation of more individualized therapeutic strategies for IPF.

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“…Surfactant protein (SP) -A has been recently recognized as an immunomodulator in urinary tract infections ( 84 ). SP-A facilitates pathogen clearance by enhancing opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis via binding to SP-A receptor in macrophages ( 84 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the (Un)known Host Immune Response Biomarkers for Predicting Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infection

Hosman

Roić²,

Lamot³

2022

Front. Med.

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Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) represent a major healthcare and economic burden along with a significant impact on patient’s morbidity and quality of life, even in the absence of well-known risk factors, such as vesicoureteral reflux. Despite numerous attempts to find a suitable therapeutic option, there is no clear benefit of any currently available intervention for prevention of UTI recurrence and its long-term consequences such as hypertension, renal scarring and/or insufficiency. The common treatment practice in many centers around the globe involves the use of continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis, irrespective of various studies indicating increased microbial resistance against the prophylactic drug, leading to prolonged duration and escalating the cost of UTI treatment. Moreover, the rapid appearance of multi-drug resistant uropathogens is threatening to transform UTI to untreatable disease, while impaired host-microbiota homeostasis induced by a long-term use of antibiotics predisposes patients for various autoimmune and infectious diseases. New biomarkers of the increased risk of UTI recurrence could therefore assist in avoiding such outcomes by revealing more specific patient population which could benefit from additional interventions. In this light, the recent findings suggesting a crucial role of urothelial innate immunity mechanisms in protection of urinary tract from invading uropathogens might offer new diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic opportunities. Uroepithelial cells detect uropathogens via pattern recognition receptors, resulting in activation of intracellular signaling cascade and transcription factors, which ultimately leads to an increased production and secretion of chemokines, cytokines and antimicrobial peptides into the urinary stream. Emerging evidence suggest that the disturbance of a single component of the urinary tract innate immunity system might increase susceptibility for rUTI. The aim of the current review is to update clinicians and researchers on potential biomarkers of host immune response alterations predisposing for rUTI and propose those well worth exploring further. For this purpose, over a hundred original papers were identified through an extensive PubMed and Scopus databases search. This comprehensive review might enrich the current clinical practice and fill the unmet clinical needs, but also encourage the development of therapeutic agents that would facilitate urinary bacterial clearance by enhancing the host immune response.

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Recent progress on surfactant protein A: cellular function in lung and kidney disease development

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review)

A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review)

Baseline plasma KL-6 level predicts adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving nintedanib: a retrospective real-world cohort study

A Systematic Review of the (Un)known Host Immune Response Biomarkers for Predicting Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infection

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