Recent Progresses in Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for MicroRNA Detection

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as the small, non-coding, evolutionary conserved, and post-transcriptional gene regulators of the genome, have been highly associated with various diseases such as cancers, viral infections, and cardiovascular diseases. Several techniques have been established to detect miRNAs, including northern blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and fluorescent microarray platform. However, it remains a significant challenge to develop sensitive, accurate, rapid, and cost-effective methods to detect miRNAs due to their short size, high similarity, and low abundance. The electrochemical biosensors exhibit tremendous potential in miRNA detection because they satisfy feature integration, portability, mass production, short response time, and minimal sample consumption. This article reviewed the working principles and signal amplification strategies of electrochemical DNA biosensors summarized the recent improvements. With the development of DNA nanotechnology, nanomaterials and biotechnology, electrochemical DNA biosensors of high sensitivity and specificity for microRNA detection will shortly be commercially accessible.

Integrating machine learning to construct aberrant alternative splicing event related classifiers to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Studies have shown that these AS events play wide-ranging roles in the process of carcinogenesis, participating in cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immune escape ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Du et al, 2022 ). These previous studies have shown that in addition to classic cis-/trans-acting regulation, there are many other mechanisms of AS regulation ( Yae et al, 2012 ; Picard, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Here, we use GSVA to conduct a comprehensive pathway analysis of 32,284 gene sets in MSigDB.…”

Nanomaterials in electrochemical nanobiosensors of miRNAs

“…Despite growing interest in surface functionalization methods, several studies have focused on factors other than only electrode-miRNA conjugation and conductivity. 54…”

“…Despite growing interest in surface functionalization methods, several studies have focused on factors other than only electrode-miRNA conjugation and conductivity. 54 In a study by Yang et al, a dual signal amplification biosensor was developed based on a nanowire array using multiwalled carbon nanotubes with the polypyrrole (PPy) (PPY/ MWCNTs) and GCE. The attachment of DNA and miRNA altered the conductivity and oxidation peaks due to the presence of CNTs and Prussian blue, respectively.…”

“…Moreover, using DNA nanostructures in miRNA biosensors elevates the risk of encountering false positive responses or background signals due to unspecific interactions between these structures and non-target nucleic acids. 54,179 3. Comparative analytical performance of nanomaterials in miRNA biosensors…”

Electrochemical fabrication of mesoporous metal-alloy films

“…192 As a result, miRNA expression has been extensively studied as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of illnesses, including cancer. [193][194][195] Mesoporous Au-Ag alloy films have a lot of potential for fabricating portable, high-performance miRNA sensors. 117 These DPV sensors enable ultrasensitive detection of miRNA with an LOD of 100 aM and possess activity in the dynamic range of 100 pM to 100 aM with good reproducibility (RSD, of o5%, for S/N = 3) (Fig.…”