Recent Progresses in NIR-II Luminescent Bio/Chemo Sensors Based on Lanthanide Nanocrystals

Abstract

Fluorescent bio/chemosensors are widely used in the field of biological research and medical diagnosis, with the advantages of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. In particular, luminescent bio/chemosensors, based on lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) with a second near-infrared (NIR-II) emission, have attracted much attention, owing to greater penetration depth, aside from the merits of narrow emission band, abundant emission lines, and long lifetimes. In this review, NIR-II LnNCs-based bio/chemo sensors are summarized from the perspectives of the mechanisms of NIR-II luminescence, synthesis method of LnNCs, strategy of luminescence enhancement, sensing mechanism, and targeted bio/chemo category. Finally, the problems that exist in present LnNCs-based bio/chemosensors are discussed, and the future development trend is prospected.

Preventing cation intermixing enables 50% quantum yield in sub-15 nm short-wave infrared-emitting rare-earth based core-shell nanocrystals

“…To date, the vast majority (ca. 90%) of RE-based core-shell structures developed for SWIR downshifting rely on homogeneous ternary alkali metal fluorides (NaREF 4 ) both for the core and shell domains 14,15,31,32 . With the rapid democratization of the synthesis of such archetypes, a number of fundamentals have been neglected.…”

Dual emission and its λ-ratiometric detection in analytical fluorimetry. Pt. I. Basic mechanisms of generating the reporter signal

“…-Extension of the wavelength range of response that could decrease or even eliminate the overlap of fluorescence bands, the intensities of which form the ratio. Such extension of λ-ratiometric fluorimetry to near-IR range [236,237] for ESIPT performing dyes [238] and members of green fluorescent protein (GFP) family [239] was achieved recently, and these properties can be realized in a variety of nanoscale systems.…”

A ratiometric nanoprobe for the in vivo bioimaging of hypochlorous acid to detect drug-damaged liver and kidneys

“…37,38 Near-infrared sensors have been developed rapidly due to their characteristics of causing low damage, low background fluorescence, and deep tissue penetration. 39–54…”

“…37,38 Near-infrared sensors have been developed rapidly due to their characteristics of causing low damage, low background fluorescence, and deep tissue penetration. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Herein, we designed a near-infrared probe NRH-800 (Scheme 1), which uses rhodamine derivatives as a fluorescent nuclear component to modify the positively charged indole rings that tend to be enriched in mitochondria and the transdouble bond of probe molecules, which can be cut by HClO to trigger fluorescence changes. NRH-800 can thus meet the demands of imaging in the near-infrared fluorescence mode and has a sufficiently large emission shift.…”