Recent Psychological Changes in Egogram for University Students by Tokyo University Egogram (TEG)

Abstract

As a reliable psychological test, Tokyo University Egogram (TEG) 2nd has been used widely. TEG was recently revised to TEG 3rd. Authors continued TEG research on university students for long, in which results of 2018 by TEG 2nd and results of 2019-2022 by TEG 3rd were compared. For the 3rd revision, FC dominant and AC dominant increased markedly, whereas CP dominant and NP dominant decreased. C dominant pattern showed remarkable increase, which is due to increase of AC dominant and FC dominant. This is a characteristic tendency for late teenagers. Further, mixed types of N-shaped and reverse N-shaped patterns were found.

Assessment of the Factor Structure of Test Tokyo University Egogram (TEG 3) on Women and Men in Iran

“…On the other hand, the increasing complexities of technology, information, and communications have had various and significant effects on individuals (Ostad Ramazan, Manavipour, & Sedaghati Fard, 2014). Individuals are seeking to evaluate their physical and mental health to maintain their desirable mental health (Yokoyama & Bando, 2023). In the history of F E-ISSN: 3041-8518 psychology, one of the useful theories in examining mental health in relationships was proposed by Eric Berne (1978) andpresented in 1961, called Transactional Analysis (TA).…”

“…The importance of the ego-gram lies in its ability to guide the diagnostic process and self-awareness of patients regarding their communication patterns, as well as to map out the underlying therapeutic process (Yanagihara et al, 2016). This tool has applications in several fields such as medicine, industry, and education, and has been widely used in various mental health and psychiatric situations (Morimoto & Ito, 2020;Yokoyama & Bando, 2023). It can be used to evaluate and improve mutual relationships between parents and children, couples, and work environments, as it can increase individuals' understanding of themselves and provide opportunities for improving daily life and work (Bando & Yokoyama, 2021).…”

“…Although this questionnaire and its theoretical strategies can be effective in self-compassion (Aghjane et al, 2021), resolving marital conflicts, intimacy, self-esteem, and depression (Golshan, Zargham Hajebi, & Sobhi-Gharamaleki, 2021), coping with distress, and solving social problems (Rahmati et al, 2020), marital adjustment, cognitive assessment (Morimoto & Ito, 2020), and physical illnesses (Bando, 2018;Bando & Yokoyama, 2021;Yokoyama & Bando, 2019, 2023 and can have positive effects on individuals' communication skills towards personal success (Shinoda et al, 2018), this questionnaire has not been studied in Iran. The only study conducted on the measurement of theoretical factors of transactional analysis in the country is the Harris questionnaire in 1977, which only indicates the internal consistency of the scale questions and does not include concepts such as reliability, predictability, repeatability, and reproducibility (Darabian et al, 2021).…”