Recent Research Progress in China on Haemonchus contortus

Wang, Chunqun; Li, Fangfang; ZongZe, Zhang; Yang, Xuefei; Ahmad, Awais Ali; Li, Xiangrui; Du, Aifang; Hu, Min

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01509

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…H. contortus is the dominant nematode parasite in most goat farms [15]. A fast, simple, and accurate method for diagnosis of H. contortus infection is important for goat husbandry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion-Regulating Molecule from Haemonchus contortus: Potential Antigen for Diagnosis of Early Infection in Goats

et al. 2019

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Haemonchus contortus, a blood-sucking nematode of ruminants, causes large economic losses worldwide. Diagnosis of infection mainly depends on the evaluation of clinical signs and fecal examination. However, this has limitations for the diagnosis of early or light infections, where serological diagnosis seems to be more accurate and reliable. In this study, the recombinant H. contortus adhesion-regulating molecule protein (rHCADRM) was expressed and purified, and its diagnostic potential was evaluated. Serum samples from goats experimentally infected with H. contortus (n = 5) were collected at 0 (before infection, negative control), 7, 14, 21, 35, 49, 63, 85, and 103 days post-infection (DPI). The reactions between rHcADRM and goat serum were tested using Western blot (WB) analysis. The results show that rHcADRM can be recognized in the serum as early as 14 DPI, and the antibody against rHcADRM in infected goat could be maintained for over 89 days. No reaction was found between rHcADRM and antibodies against Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, or Toxoplasma gondii. An indirect enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was developed based on rHcADRM. The optimal coating antigen (279 ng of rHcADRM/well) and serum dilutions (1:50) were determined by checkerboard titration. A total of 64 serum samples, including 32 from H. contortus infection goats and 32 from helminth-free goats, were used to determine the positive (0.362) and negative (0.306) cut-off values for the ELISA. The results show this serological diagnosis method is highly sensitive (90.6%) and specific (93.75%). The coefficient of variation within run and between runs was less than 11%. To apply this indirect ELISA during field examination, 51 serum samples were randomly collected from goat farms and tested using this method. The result showed that 19.6% (10/51) of goats were infected with H. contortus, which was 100% consistent with the necropsy result, higher than that of fecal examination (15.7%, 8/51). These results indicate that rHcADRM could be a potential antigen for diagnosis of H. contortus infection in goats.

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“…H. contortus is the dominant nematode parasite in most goat farms [15]. A fast, simple, and accurate method for diagnosis of H. contortus infection is important for goat husbandry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion-Regulating Molecule from Haemonchus contortus: Potential Antigen for Diagnosis of Early Infection in Goats

et al. 2019

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“…However, in H. contortus, L3s can only infect the host via oral route and are unable to resume feeding until the L3s develop to L4s [54], which means that the feeding resumption may not be a good marker for studying the developmental resumption of L3s in H. contortus. Therefore, we propose that TGF-β signalling In H. contortus adult females and males, Hc-TGH-2 was also strongly expressed in intestine, which is an important organ for digestive system and a good source for mucosal candidate antigens to induce immune response in the host [58,59], suggesting that Hc-tgh-2 perhaps play roles in digestion, absorption and host immune response. Furthermore, Hc-tgh-2 may be also involve in the reproductive development due to the strong expression in gonad (ovaries in adult females and testes in adult males) of H. contortus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A daf-7-related TGF-β ligand (Hc-tgh-2) shows important regulations on the development of Haemonchus contortus

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background In most multicellular organisms, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway is involved in regulating the growth and stem cell differentiation. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of three key molecules in this pathway in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus , including one TGF-β type I receptor ( Hc-tgfbr1 ), one TGF-β type II receptor ( Hc-tgfbr2 ), and one co-Smad ( Hc-daf-3 ), which regulated the developmental transition from the free-living to the parasitic stages of this parasite. However, almost nothing is known about the function of the TGF-β ligand ( Hc-tgh-2 ) of H. contortus . Methods Here, the temporal transcription profiles of Hc-tgh-2 at eight different developmental stages and spacial expression patterns of Hc- TGH-2 in adult female and male worms of H. contortus have been examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) by soaking was employed to assess the importance of Hc-tgh-2 in the development from exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) to fourth-stage larvae (L4s) in H. contortus . Results Hc-tgh-2 was continuously transcribed in all eight developmental stages of H. contortus studied with the highest level in the infective third-stage larvae (iL3) and Hc -TGH-2 was located in the muscle of the body wall, intestine, ovary of adult females and testes of adult males. Silencing Hc-tgh-2 by the specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), decreased the transcript level of Hc-tgh-2 and resulted in fewer xL3s developing to L4s in vitro. Conclusions These results suggested that the TGF-β ligand, Hc -TGH-2, could play important roles in the developmental transition from the free-living (L3s) to the parasitic stage (L4s). Furthermore, it may also take part in the processes such as digestion, absorption, host immune response and reproductive development in H. contortus adults.

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“…Gastrointestinal parasitic infection is one of the major health problems in the world that causes huge economic loss in livestock production [38]. Several broad-spectrum anthelmintics are used to control these parasitic infections, but anthelminthic resistance of nematodes in small ruminants is becoming a serious threat in some countries [8][9][10][11]. Therefore, development of more effective control approaches is urgently needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bloodfeeding adult H. contortus can lead to severe hemorrhagic gastritis, anemia, hypoproteinemia, edema, and even death in acute infections [5][6][7]. Control of this parasitic nematode is based on the application of anthelmintics, but excessive usage of these drugs has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance [8][9][10][11]. Previously, partial protection against H. contortus has been reported using DNA vaccines including actin [12], disorganized muscle family member-1 [13], cysteineprotease [14], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [15] and glutathione peroxidase [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemonchus contortus: siRNA mediated knockdown of matrix metalloproteinase 12A (MMP-12) results in reduction of infectivity

Naqvi

Gao

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background: RNA interference (RNAi) is an important tool to determine the role of genes. RNAi has been widely used to downregulate target molecules, resulting in the reduction of mRNA for protein expression. Matrix metalloprotease 12A (MMP-12) is known to have important roles during embryonic development, organ morphogenesis and pathological processes in animals. However, MMP-12 from Haemonchus contortus has not been characterized.Methods: Haemonchus contortus MMP-12 gene was cloned and recombinant protein of MMP-12 (rHc-MMP-12) was expressed. Binding activities of rHc-MMP-12 to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the immuno-regulatory effects of rHc-MMP-12 on cell proliferation and nitric oxide production were observed by co-incubation of rHc-MMP-12 with goat PBMCs. Furthermore, a soaking method was used to knockdown the expression of Hc-MMP12 gene using three siRNA, targeting different regions of the gene and infectivity of effective siRNA on the development of H. contortus was evaluated in goat.Results: rHc-MMP-12 was successfully expressed in an expression vector as well as the tissues of the cuticle of adult H. contortus worms and a successful binding with PBMCs surface were observed. Increased cellular proliferation and nitric oxide production by goat PBMCs was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the successful silencing of Hc-MMP-12 gene in siRNA of 1, 2 and 3 treated third-stage larvae (L3) of H. contortus in vitro. The most efficient qRT-PCR-identified siRNA template was siRNA-2, with a 69% suppression rate compared to the control groups. Moreover, in an in vivo study, silencing of the Hc-MMP-12 gene by siRNA-2 reduced the number of eggs (54.02%), hatchability (16.84%) and worm burden (51.47%) as compared to snRNAtreated control group. In addition, a shorter length of worms in siRNA-2-treated group was observed as compared to control groups. Conclusions:Our results indicate that siRNA-mediated silencing of Hc-MMP-12 gene in H. contortus significantly reduce the egg counts, larval hatchability, and adult worm counts and sizes. The findings of the present study demonstrate important roles of Hc-MMP-12 in the development of H. contortus.

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Recent Research Progress in China on Haemonchus contortus

Cited by 57 publications

References 75 publications

Adhesion-Regulating Molecule from Haemonchus contortus: Potential Antigen for Diagnosis of Early Infection in Goats

Adhesion-Regulating Molecule from Haemonchus contortus: Potential Antigen for Diagnosis of Early Infection in Goats

A daf-7-related TGF-β ligand (Hc-tgh-2) shows important regulations on the development of Haemonchus contortus

Haemonchus contortus: siRNA mediated knockdown of matrix metalloproteinase 12A (MMP-12) results in reduction of infectivity

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