Recent research progress in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hyper cross-linked polymer

Raza, Saqlain; Nazeer, Shahid; Abid, Amin; Kanwal, Aorij

doi:10.1007/s10965-023-03783-7

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…[34] Freundlich expresses the link between amounts of adsorbate (Cd 2+ ) that adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent (R-HCP) and the value of pressure at equilibrium at constant temperature. The linearized form of Freundlich adsorption isotherm is shown (5).…”

Section: Freundlich Adsorption Isothermmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tan did the major alteration in sector of Hyper cross-linked polymer by exploring one step knitting strategy. Arene monomers were cross-linked via Friedel-Crafts alkylation to construct HCPs that has been applied in various areas [4,5]. The two common properties of HCP, ability to be swollen and distinctive type of porosity are accounted for the marvelous adsorption of hyper-crosslinked poly [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of New Hyper-Cross-linked polymer for Efficient Heavy metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater

Areej,

Raza,

Abid

et al. 2024

Preprint

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New Hyper cross-linked polymer (HCP) of Resorcinol (1, 3-dihydroxybenzol) “R-HCP” is synthesized using Friedel-Craft Reaction for the removal of cadmium metal ions from industrial wastewater. Real industrial wastewater samples are used to evaluate the adsorption capability of R-HCP. Fabricated R-HCP is characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), EDX (Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). The BET surface area of R-HCP is 221.5848m2g− 1.Through salt addition method, the point of zero charge (PZC) was also determined, and its value is 2.0 pH. The greatest adsorption value of 93% was obtained at pH 10 with 0.5 g of adsorbent, 9-minute contact time and favors exothermic reaction. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were studied and results shows that Freundlich model is the best fit. Adsorption kinetics investigation shows that it follows pseudo first order kinetic model. Study of the effect of interfering ions including calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium demonstrate the decrease in adsorption capacity to little extent. R-HCP can be recycled and have regeneration capacity which is novel and distinguished feature of this adsorbent.

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Section: Freundlich Adsorption Isothermmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of New Hyper-Cross-linked polymer for Efficient Heavy metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater

Areej,

Raza,

Abid

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Polymer research is one of the most promising fields which bear significant application in the field of energy storage batteries, biosensing systems, organic electrochemical transistors, electrochromic displays, dielectrics etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The conjugated polymer systems with -stacked domains of crystalline regions are of special significance as polyelectrolytes wherein interconvertible redox structures co-exist as a function of pH/electron transfer etc. The examples of polyelectrolytes comprise of PANI (polyaniline), PEDOT/PSS [poly- (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrene sulfonate)] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Ion Conductivity of Self-standing Poly-[Ethylene oxide] Composite Films through Non Fickian Diffusion Mediated Water Uptake Phenomena

Das,

Mukhopadhyay,

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Understanding the mechanism towards interaction of water with polymer composite is of significance in the arena of solid-state device application, biomaterial science etc. A systematic research work is presented on the swelling behaviour and its influence towards the ionic conduction of Polyethylene oxide (PEO) -salt films. The influence of salts (viz. NH4I and KBr termed as PSN- & PSK-series) on the diffusion trait of polymer is analysed using non-Fickian python programming. The presence of ions and its polarizability behaviour influences the aqueous equilibration, number density of bounded and free water molecules along with the extent of cross linkage. The contribution of osmotic pressure tends to balance the dynamic non-covalent interactions thereby enhancing the diffusion driven ionic conduction (10-3 S.cm-1) process of PSK-films. Non Fickian diffusion is also found to accelerate the ionic conduction of PSK-series to 10-2 S.cm-1. The dielectric relaxation and long-term endurance (18500 h) establish the stability and applicability of such functionalized films as ionic electrolytes, membranes etc.

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“…Analysis and gross research on thermal stability of synthetic cyclophosphazenes were presented wherein aromatic groups, and cross-linking was attained by renowned Friedel−Crafts method. 3,11,18,19 Scientists had synthesized nitrogen-rich inorganic−organic hybrid Nano porous materials (HNMs) with cyclophosphazene at temperatures 273 K and 77K, and calculated surface area up to 976 m 2 g −1 and CO 2 uptake capacity up to 18.9 wt % and H 2 uptake ability 1.6 wt % at 1 bar, respectively. 10,20 Wang et al synthesized N-doped porous carbon polyphosphazene microspheres containing oxygen and phosphorus for CO 2 capture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation of bands in the range of 1212 to 1180, 982, and 575 cm −1 align them to ν as (P�N−P), ν as (P−O−C), and δ(P�N−P) vibrations. 11 The FTIR spectra of linear phosphazenes and their HCP are given in Figure 1. The absorption peaks at 1517, 1167, 878, and 859 cm −1 are characteristic vibrations of C−H in the aromatic ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Rich Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers for CO₂ and I₂ Uptake

Raza,

Abid,

Areej

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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In this research, two types of metal-free organic−inorganic phosphazene based hybrid porous polymers (HPMs) enriched with phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) for gas sorption characteristics were reported. Cyclic phosphazenes were synthesized by condensation of biphenyl methanol with the hexachlorocyclophosphazenes (HCCPs) followed by cross-linking for the fabrication of porous and high surface area moiety designated as HCP-1. Whereas HCP-2 was synthesized with the replacement of polydichlorophosphazene (PDCP) chlorines with biphenyl methanol and later crosslinked in the same manner. Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface areas of (SA BET s) of HCP-1 and HCP-2 were 482 and 323 m 2 g −1 , respectively, whereas pore size distribution was under 1.10 nm. The observation of a higher surface area of HCP-1 is strongly indicative of cyclic N and P long chain backbone [-N�P-]. HCP-1 with a high surface area represented high carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) adsorption (1.656 mmol g −1 with quantity adsorbed 37.13 cm 3 g −1 at 273 K/1 bar and 1.35 mmol g −1 with quantity adsorbed 30.37 cm 3 g −1 at 298 K/1 bar). HCP-2 with a low surface area showed moderate adsorption capacity (1.6 mmol g −1 with a quantity adsorbed 35.82 cm 3 g −1 at 273 K/1 bar and 1.26 mmol g −1 with a quantity adsorbed 28.36 cm 3 g −1 at 298 K/1 bar). The values of iodine uptake of HCP-1 and HCP-2 are 148 and 227 wt %, respectively, at 353 K. These results indicate a facile and convenient method to synthesize heteroatom-rich metal-free organic−inorganic phosphazene based hybrid porous polymers for CO 2 and I 2 sorption applications.

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Recent research progress in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hyper cross-linked polymer

Cited by 17 publications

References 146 publications

Fabrication of New Hyper-Cross-linked polymer for Efficient Heavy metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater

Fabrication of New Hyper-Cross-linked polymer for Efficient Heavy metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater

Understanding the Ion Conductivity of Self-standing Poly-[Ethylene oxide] Composite Films through Non Fickian Diffusion Mediated Water Uptake Phenomena

Fabrication of Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Rich Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers for CO₂ and I₂ Uptake

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Recent research progress in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hyper cross-linked polymer

Cited by 17 publications

References 146 publications

Fabrication of New Hyper-Cross-linked polymer for Efficient Heavy metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater

Fabrication of New Hyper-Cross-linked polymer for Efficient Heavy metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater

Understanding the Ion Conductivity of Self-standing Poly-[Ethylene oxide] Composite Films through Non Fickian Diffusion Mediated Water Uptake Phenomena

Fabrication of Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Rich Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers for CO2 and I2 Uptake

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Fabrication of Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Rich Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers for CO₂ and I₂ Uptake