Recent significant tornadoes in China

Xue, Ming; Zhao, Kun; Wang, Mingjung; Li, Zhaohui; Zheng, Yu

doi:10.1007/s00376-016-6005-2

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There were several weak lightning flashes recorded near the Foshan tornadic minisupercell, but no hail was reported. No tornado warnings were issued, as CMA is currently in the process of establishing a formal tornado warning protocol in China (Xue et al 2016). Doppler radar data were collected from Guangzhou (GZ) and Shenzhen (SZ) over a 90-min period while the target miniature supercell was located in the western dual-Doppler lobe (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Doppler Radar Analysis of a Tornadic Miniature Supercell during the Landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) in South China

Zhao

Wang

Xue

et al. 2017

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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On 4 October 2015, a miniature supercell embedded in an outer rainband of Typhoon Mujigae produced a major tornado in Guangdong province of China, leading to 4 deaths and up to 80 injuries. This study documents the structure and evolution of the tornadic miniature supercell using coastal Doppler radars, a sounding, videos, and a damage survey. This tornado is rated at least EF3 on the enhanced Fujita scale. It is by far the strongest typhoon rainband tornado yet documented in China, and possessed double funnels near its peak intensity. Radar analysis indicates that this tornadic miniature supercell exhibited characteristics similar to those found in United States landfalling hurricanes, including a hook echo, low-level inf low notches, an echo top below 10 km, a small and shallow mesocyclone, and a long lifespan (3 h). The environmental conditions—which consisted of moderate convective available potential energy (CAPE), a low lifting condensation level, a small surface dewpoint depression, a large veering low-level vertical wind shear, and a large cell-relative helicity—are favorable for producing miniature supercells. The mesocyclone, with its maximum intensity at 2 km above ground level (AGL), formed an hour before tornadogenesis. A tornado vortex signature (TVS) was identified between 1 and 3 km AGL, when the parent mesocyclone reached its peak radar-indicated intensity of 30 m s−1. The TVS was located between the updraft and forward-flank downdraft, near the center of the mesocyclone. Dual-Doppler wind analysis reveals that tilting of the low-level vorticity into the vertical direction and subsequent stretching by a strong updraft were the main contributors to the mesocyclone intensification.

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confidence: 99%

Doppler Radar Analysis of a Tornadic Miniature Supercell during the Landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) in South China

Zhao

Wang

Xue

et al. 2017

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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“…China is a country that is frequently affected by severe convective weather, such as heavy precipitation, damaging winds, hail, typhoons, and occasional tornadoes (e.g., Feng & Zhao, 2015; Luo et al, 2018; Meng et al, 2012; Xue et al, 2016; Zhu & Xue, 2016). Some studies have shown increased tendencies in the frequency of severe weather over Eastern China, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where the population is dense (Li et al, 2016; Zhang & Zhai, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Initiation and Organization of a Severe Hail‐Producing Mesoscale Convective System in East China: A Numerical Study

2020

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The initiation and organization of a long‐duration hail‐producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) in eastern China are investigated using convection‐allowing simulations at 3‐km grid spacing with the Advanced Regional Prediction System. The lifecycle of this MCS is characterized by two stages. In the first stage, a series of convective storms are initiated along the northwest border of Jiangsu Provinces. These storms organize into a northwest southeast line as they moved southeastward, eventually organizing into an eastward moving bow‐echo structure during the second stage. Our analyses show that the storms initiate along a northwest‐southeast oriented convergence boundary set up between two low‐level mesoscale vortices, one to the northwest of Jiangsu Province and one over the East China Sea. Comparisons between the fake‐dry and control simulations show that the rearward (westward) spreading of a cold pool from another MCS proceeding the hail‐producing MCS plays a key role in generating and enhancing the vortex over Eastern China Sea. The tilting of baroclinically generated horizontal vorticity along the edge of the cold outflow creates a cyclonic and anticyclonic vortex couplet. The cyclonic vortex becomes the dominant East China Sea vortex as it is superposed onto the background cyclonic circulation. This cold outflow‐induced vortex also has strong impacts on the later organization of the hail‐producing MCS, leading to the eventual establishment of a bow‐echo structure. Finally, a three‐stage conceptual model for the initiation and organization of the long‐lasting multicellular MCS is proposed, and the understanding on the complex interactions between two MCSs will be helpful to operational forecasters.

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“…According to the records of the China Meteorological Administration, Jiangsu has experienced by far the largest number of significant tornadoes of any Chinese province between 1961 and 2010. 2 At 2:30 PM on June 23, 2016, a violent tornado occurred in Funing and Sheyang Counties, Yancheng City, located in northern Jiangsu Province. The tornado was rated an EF4, with maximum sustained wind speeds greater than 240 feet per second, or 266 km/h.…”

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“…3 This tornado was the deadliest tornado to occur in China in half a century. 2 However, the epidemiology of tornado-related injury and mortality in China has not been well described. The tornado in Jiangsu Province has important research value as a case study of a catastrophic event.…”

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Injury Patterns and Outcomes of Victims After the 2016 Jiangsu Tornado in China: A Retrospective Analysis of Injuries Treated at a Teaching Hospital

Hou

et al. 2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objective:The aim of this study is to characterize the injury profiles and outcomes of victims of a tornado in Jiangsu Province, China.Methods:This study retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 144 patients treated at a teaching hospital due to a tornado. Each patient’s demographic data, diagnosis, injury types, causes of injury, infection status, and outcomes were all reviewed.Results:Of the 144 patients, 64 (44.4%) were male, and 80 (55.6%) were female. The patients’ ages ranged from 2 months to 94 years; 91 (63.19%) were admitted within the first 12 h after the disaster. The most frequently injured sites were the body surfaces (24.48%), followed by the limbs and pelvis (21.79%) and chest (20.3%). Soft-tissue injuries and fractures were the most frequent injuries. Traumatic brain injuries were the main causes of death. Tornado-related injuries were primarily caused by flying/falling bricks, wood, and glass. Twenty-three (15.9%) patients suffered from infections, which consisted mainly of skin/soft tissue infections and pneumonia.Conclusions:Destructive tornadoes often cause heavy casualties with little warning. Medical aid agencies must be prepared to accommodate the massive numbers of injured patients after a catastrophe. Proper triage and prompt treatment of injured victims may decrease mortality. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;xx:xxx-xxx).

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Recent significant tornadoes in China

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Doppler Radar Analysis of a Tornadic Miniature Supercell during the Landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) in South China

Doppler Radar Analysis of a Tornadic Miniature Supercell during the Landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) in South China

The Initiation and Organization of a Severe Hail‐Producing Mesoscale Convective System in East China: A Numerical Study

Injury Patterns and Outcomes of Victims After the 2016 Jiangsu Tornado in China: A Retrospective Analysis of Injuries Treated at a Teaching Hospital

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