Recent Stem Cell Advances: Cord Blood and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell for Cardiac Regeneration- a Review

Abstract

Stem cells are primitive self renewing undifferentiated cell that can be differentiated into various types of specialized cells like nerve cell, skin cells, muscle cells, intestinal tissue, and blood cells. Stem cells live in bone marrow where they divide to make new blood cells and produces peripheral stem cells in circulation. Under proper environment and in presence of signaling molecules stem cells begin to develop into specialized tissues and organs. These unique characteristics make them very promising entities for regeneration of damaged tissue. Day by day increase in incidence of heart diseases including left ventricular dysfunction, ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality. However infracted tissue cannot regenerate into healthy tissue. Heart transplantation is only the treatment for such patient. Due to limitation of availability of donor for organ transplantation, a focus is made for alternative and effective therapy to treat such condition. In this review we have discussed the new advances in stem cells such as use of cord stem cells and iPSC technology in cardiac repair. Future approach of CB cells was found to be used in tissue repair which is specifically observed for improvement of left ventricular function and myocardial infarction. Here we have also focused on how iPSC technology is used for regeneration of cardiomyocytes and intiating neovascularization in myocardial infarction and also for study of pathophysiology of various degenerative diseases and genetic disease in research field.

Порівняльний Аналіз Результатів Лікування Хворих З Кардіоміопатією, Що Перебувають У Листі Очікування Трансплантації Серця Залежно Від Етіології Захворювання Та Обраного Методу Лікування

“…Набуті вади серця стовбурових клітин у хворих з резистентною ХСН у комплексній корекції скоротливої функції лівого шлуночка є недостатньо [7][8][9]. Мета роботи -проаналізувати результати лікування хворих з кардіоміопатією, що перебувають на листі очікування трансплантації серця залежно від етіології захворювання та проведеного методу лікування.…”

Application of Cord Blood and Cord Blood-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration

“…Second, there is a lower risk of contamination during the collection of hUCB. CB consists of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 5 . CD34þ cells are usually transplanted because they have the highest proliferative and stemness potentials 6 .…”

“…Third, the hUCB-derived cells have a low level of immunogenicity because of the decreased functionality of fetal lymphocytes, which is one of the major advantages of CB. These cells are reportedly less likely to cause graft-versus-host disease because they are collected from newborns, who are in a relatively immunodeficient state 5 . Due to these characteristics, hUCB-MSCs have been permissive to allogeneic transplantation and are now considered an alternative source to be examined in long-term clinical trials 7,8 .…”

Signature‐oriented investigation of the efficacy of multicomponent drugs against heart failure

“…However, investigation remains a challenge; because of the rigorous criteria and the increased costs of randomized controlled trials, we need to get as much information as possible before such trial-based precise investigations into the treatment of HF by TCM, and before fundamental information about the potential targets or effector molecules of TCM, may be elucidated. To meet the requirements, an alternative method of using humanized induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for high-throughput drug testing (18)(19)(20)(21)(22) could be a promising approach. Because humanized iPS cells provide a unique human system, they can serve as a true in vitro model to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease and the corresponding effective drugs (18,21).…”

“…To meet the requirements, an alternative method of using humanized induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for high-throughput drug testing (18)(19)(20)(21)(22) could be a promising approach. Because humanized iPS cells provide a unique human system, they can serve as a true in vitro model to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease and the corresponding effective drugs (18,21). Consequently, by utilizing human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for the precise monitoring of biomarkers associated with HF, the efficacy of a drug for the accurate management of patients with various types of HF could be easily evaluated.…”