Recent Trends in Biosensing and Diagnostic Methods for Novel Cancer Biomarkers

Abstract

Cancer is one of the major public health issues in the world. It has become the second leading cause of death, with approximately 75% of cancer deaths transpiring in low- or middle-income countries. It causes a heavy global economic cost estimated at more than a trillion dollars per year. The most common cancers are breast, colon, rectum, prostate, and lung cancers. Many of these cancers can be treated effectively and cured if detected at the primary stage. Nowadays, around 50% of cancers are detected at late stages, leading to serious health complications and death. Early diagnosis of cancer diseases substantially increases the efficient treatment and high chances of survival. Biosensors are one of the potential screening methodologies useful in the early screening of cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the recent findings about novel cancer biomarkers and their advantages over traditional biomarkers, and novel biosensing and diagnostic methods for them; thus, this review may be helpful in the early recognition and monitoring of treatment response of various human cancers.

Colonic medullary carcinoma: an exceedingly rare type of colorectal malignancy: a case report and review of the literature

“…Therefore, correct identification and workup is essential. Especially given that the diagnosis of MC is challenging and can be confused with the diagnosis of other histological subtypes of colon MC, which necessitate a comprehensive pathological examination, in addition to immunohistochemical staining, to confirm the diagnosis of medullary adenocarcinoma of the colon [ 8 , 10 ].…”

Artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis of early tc markers and its application

“…Clinically, although patients are diagnosed with TC by ultrasound, other molecular markers are still needed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. A study suggested that, because elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) can be seen in patients with benign thyroid disease, the measurement of Tg is helpful to determine the prognosis of patients receiving differentiated TC treatment [ 27 ]. However, Haugen, B.R., et al, d id not recommend to assess the prognosis of patients undergoing thyroidectomy using Tg level only, as elevated Tg might also be a manifestation of the development of other cancers [ 28 ].…”

Redox proteomics of PANC-1 cells reveals the significance of HIF-1 signaling protein oxidation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pathogenesis

“…Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the predominant subtype of pancreatic cancer, characterized by a 5-year survival rate of under 10%. This poor prognosis is partially attributed to the diagnosis of most cases at advanced stages, resulting from a scarcity of early symptoms and the lack of effective early detection strategies [ 3 , 4 ]. Multiple treatment strategies, including the combination cytotoxic chemotherapy and recent targeted therapies, have been utilized for pancreatic cancer management in recent years.…”