Recent updates on liposomal formulations for detection, prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Structure-based lead optimization of peptide-based vinyl methyl ketones as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors

“…The discrepancy between the enzymatic inhibitory properties and cellular effects is usually ascribed to the low permeability of cell membranes. The design of suitable carrier-linked prodrugs and the incorporation into liposomes or nanocarriers could improve the membrane crossing, resulting in increased concentrations of inhibitors within cells, where SARS-CoV-2 M pro is located [ 60 , 61 ].…”

The Application of Biomaterials for the Vaccine, Treatment, and Detection of SARS-CoV-2

“…In addition to their use as antigen carriers, lipid biomaterials can serve as nanocarriers for delivering chemotherapeutic agents such as remdesivir, gallium maltolate, and tripterin to achieve potent antiviral effects. 175 Li et al developed lyophilized remdesivir liposomes (Rdv-lips), which showed higher solubility, faster transition, and better results in treating SARS-CoV-2 compared to the traditional remdesivir cyclodextrin conclusion compound (Rdv-cyc) group with transtracheal injection. 176 Gallium maltolate can disrupt the replication of SARS-CoV-2 but has serious side effects.…”

Leveraging immunoliposomes as nanocarriers against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants

“…Liposomes are one choice of the nanocarriers, because of their ideal ability to entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics, thus can be loaded with a myriad of therapeutic moieties [23] . Several liposomal formulations have been developed by the entrapment of therapeutics in the core of liposomes as well as between their bilayers, especially for the management of COVID-19 [24] . For example, liposomes loaded with efavirenz and mefloquine, as well as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), have been developed as therapeutics for HIV and CoV infections [25 , 26] .…”