Recent updates on the role of microRNAs in prostate cancer

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that are involved in several important biological processes through regulation of genes post-transcriptionally. Carcinogenesis is one of the key biological processes where miRNAs play important role in the regulation of genes. The miRNAs elicit their effects by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of their target mRNAs, leading to the inhibition of translation or the degradation of the mRNA, depending on the degree of complementary base pairing. To-date more than 1,000 miRNAs are postulated to exist, although the field is moving rapidly. Currently, miRNAs are becoming the center of interest in a number of research areas, particularly in oncology, as documented by exponential growth in publications in the last decade. These studies have shown that miRNAs are deregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. Thus, it is reasonable to ask the question whether further understanding on the role of miRNAs could be useful for diagnosis, prognosis and predicting therapeutic response for prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, in this review article, we will discuss the potential roles of different miRNAs in PCa in order to provide up-to-date information, which is expected to stimulate further research in the field for realizing the benefit of miRNA-targeted therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the near future because there is no curative treatment for mCRPC at the moment.

Enoxacin inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells and effectively restores microRNA processing

“…8 miRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of almost every biological process, including differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, development and metabolism. 9,10 Moreover, dysregulation of any of these processes due to abnormal expression of miRNAs or alterations in their machinery of biogenesis has been implicated in cancer, including PCa. 11,12 Although miRNAs have been proposed to function as either oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, 13 most human tumors are characterized by a general defect in miRNA production that results in global downregulation of miRNA expression.…”

Prostate cancer cell proliferation is suppressed by microRNA‑3160‑5p via targeting of F‑box and WD repeat domain containing 8

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) negatively regulate the expression of a number of genes that are important for tumorigenesis and development, which highlights a novel mechanism underlying PCa pathogenesis (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). miRNAs are endogenously expressed small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs.…”

Beyond circulating microRNA biomarkers: Urinary microRNAs in ovarian and breast cancer

“…This can occur via a perfect complimentary binding of the miRNA to the target mRNA (endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA) or by an imperfect complimentary binding to the target mRNA (translation repression). 32 Due to their cell cycle interference, miRNAs are involved either as oncogenes or as oncosuppressors in the pathogenesis of a huge variety of human cancers such as lung cancer, 33,34 prostate cancer, 35 colorectal cancer, 36,37 leukemia, [38][39][40] gliomas 41 and medulloblastoma, 42 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 43 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 44 gastric cancer, 45,46 osteosarcoma, 47 renal cell carcinoma, 48 BC, 49 and OC. 50 Particularly, their presence in the blood has been shown to be associated with histology, clinical stage, survival, and oncogenic expression in OC and BC.…”