Recent Updates on Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jung, Chan‐Hee; Mok, Ji‐Oh

doi:10.3803/enm.2020.35.2.260

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Microalbuminuria is a marker of cardiovascular disease risk and should be monitored per guidelines once or twice a year for progression to macroalbuminuria and kidney disease development, especially if plasma glucose, lipids and blood pressure are at guideline goals. microalbuminuria can be used as an independent marker for early prediction of cardiovascular complications and can be used as a screening procedure in all patients diagnosed with T2DM [18,21]. Determining a patient's ACR will provide an overview of other complications besides DN that can developed in T2DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of diabetic nephropathy based on albumin creatinine ratio (acr) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan. Indonesia

Amelia¹,

Sari²,

Muzasti³

et al. 2021

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Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the chronic microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Microalbuminuria is a marker that can be used in detecting these complications so that preventive measures can be taken. Objectives. This study aimed to detect DN as T2DM complications by measurement of the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) as a marker and to analyze the factors that may influence the ratio in T2DM patients. Material and methods. The study design was a correlative study with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all T2DM patients who regularly visit the diabetic clinic and primary health care in Medan. The sample size consisted of 89 subjects, while the subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling. Data was processed using SPSS and was analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. Results. The study results showed that most T2DM patients had normal to mildly increased ACR levels in 49 subjects (55.1%). There was a relationship between increased ACR levels with blood glucose level (BGL) (p = 0.01), HbA 1c (p = 0.03), HDL-C (p = 0.01) and triglyceride (p = 0.04). In contrast, increased ACR levels had no relationship with age (p = 0.27), duration of illness (p = 0.13), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.31), total cholesterol (p = 0.90) and LDL-C (p = 0.89), respectively. Conclusions. The study showed that BGL, HbA 1c , HDL-C and triglyceride had a strong relationship with the increased ACR level, which is believed to be a DN marker. ACR can be a screening tool for DN in T2DM patients and other T2DM complications, such as cardiovascular complications and retinopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of diabetic nephropathy based on albumin creatinine ratio (acr) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan. Indonesia

Amelia¹,

Sari²,

Muzasti³

et al. 2021

fmpcr

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“…DM is classified into type 1 DM (T1DM), resulting from autoimmune-induced β -cell death; type 2 DM (T2DM), due to insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion (that accounts for >90% of diagnosed DM cases); gestational DM; and specific types of DM due to other causes, e.g., chemical-induced diabetes [ 97 ]. Hyperglycemia can affect both the macro- and microvasculature leading to end-organ damage that is responsible for the morbidity and mortality seen in DM [ 98 – 100 ].…”

Section: Study Of Ecfcs To Help Decipher Disease Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells to Better Understand the Pathophysiology of Disease: An Updated Review

Zhang

Cannavicci

Kutryk

2022

Stem Cells International

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Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions. The collection of ECs from patients is typically conducted postmortem or through invasive procedures, such as surgery and interventional procedures, hampering efforts to clarify the role of ECs in disease onset and progression. In contrast, endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), also termed late endothelial progenitor cells, late outgrowth endothelial cells, blood outgrowth endothelial cells, or endothelial outgrowth cells, are obtained in a minimally invasive manner, namely, by the culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in endothelial growth medium. ECFCs resemble mature ECs phenotypically, genetically, and functionally, making them excellent surrogates for ECs. Numerous studies have been performed that examined ECFC function in conditions such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, congenital bicuspid aortic valve disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, venous thromboembolic disease, and von Willebrand disease. Here, we provide an updated review of studies using ECFCs that were performed to better understand the pathophysiology of disease. We also discuss the potential of ECFCs as disease biomarkers and the standardized methods to culture, quantify, and evaluate ECFCs and suggest the future direction of research in this field.

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“…Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a common complication and a leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [ 1 ]. Studies have confirmed that ASCVD can be prevented by controlling cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dulaglutide on endothelial progenitor cells and arterial elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Xie

et al. 2022

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Background Randomised controlled trial showed that dulaglutide can reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dulaglutide on the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of patients with T2DM and its role in improving arterial elasticity, so as to determine potential mechanisms of preventive effect of dulaglutide on ASCVD. Methods Sixty patients with T2DM were treated with 1000 mg/day of metformin and randomly divided into two groups for 12 weeks: metformin monotherapy group (MET group, n = 30), and metformin combined with dulaglutide group (MET-DUL group, n = 30). Before and after treatment, the number of CD34+CD133+KDR+ EPCs and the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) of the participants were measured, and EPC proliferation, adhesion, migration, and tubule formation were assessed in vitro. Results There were no significant differences in the number and function of EPCs and baPWV changes in MET group (P > 0.05). In MET-DUL group, nitric oxide (NO) levels and the number of EPCs increased after treatment (P < 0.05), while the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and baPWV decreased (P < 0.05). EPC proliferation, adhesion, migration, and tubule formation abilities were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that in MET-DUL group, the changes in CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and AGEs were negatively correlated with the number of EPCs and their proliferation and migration abilities (P < 0.05). Body weight, NO, CRP, and IL-6 levels were independent factors affecting the number of EPCs (P < 0.05). The changes in number of EPCs, proliferation and migration abilities of EPCs, and NO and IL-6 levels were independent influencing factors of baPWV changes (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dulaglutide can increase the number and function of EPCs in peripheral blood and improve arterial elasticity in patients with T2DM; it is accompanied by weight loss, inflammation reduction, and high NO levels. Dulaglutide regulation of EPCs may be a mechanism of cardiovascular protection.

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Recent Updates on Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Early detection of diabetic nephropathy based on albumin creatinine ratio (acr) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan. Indonesia

Early detection of diabetic nephropathy based on albumin creatinine ratio (acr) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan. Indonesia

Exploring Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells to Better Understand the Pathophysiology of Disease: An Updated Review

Effects of dulaglutide on endothelial progenitor cells and arterial elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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