Receptor modeling studies for the characterization of air particulate lead pollution sources in Valenzuela sampling site (Philippines)

Pabroa, Preciosa Corazon; Santos, Filipe Lima; Morco, Ryan P.; Racho, Joseph Michael D.; Bautista, Angel T.; Bucal, Camille Grace D.

doi:10.5094/apr.2011.027

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The final PMF source factor, contributing the least overall to total mass (5.1 %), featured Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Cu as its main components. These species are linked to waste processing, including electronic waste (e-waste) and battery burning and recycling in particular (Gullett et al, 2007;Iijima et al, 2007), which has previously been reported for Manila (Pabroa et al, 2011). The latter study reported that although there are a few licensed operations for battery recycling, there are numerous unregulated cottage melters across Manila that regularly melt metal from batteries and discard the waste freely.…”

Section: Waste Processingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents novel results from size-resolved particulate matter (PM) mass, composition, and morphology measurements conducted during the 2018 southwest monsoon (SWM) season in Metro Manila, Philippines. Micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs) were used to collect PM sample sets composed of size-resolved measurements at the following aerodynamic cut-point diameters (Dp): 18, 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.10, and 0.056 µm. Each sample set was analyzed for composition of the water-soluble fraction. Analysis for mass was carried out on two sample sets, whereas black carbon (BC) and morphology analysis were analyzed on a single sample set. The bulk of the PM mass was between 0.18 and 1.0 µm with a dominant mode between 0.32 and 0.56 µm. Similarly, most of the black carbon (BC) mass was found between 0.10 and 1.0 µm, peaking between 0.18 and 0.32 µm. These peaks are located in the Greenfield gap, or the size range between 0.10 and 1.0 µm, where wet scavenging by rain is relatively inefficient. In the range between 0.10 and 0.18 µm, BC constituted 78.1 % of the measured mass. Comparable contributions of BC (26.9 %) and the water-soluble fraction (33.4 %) to total PM were observed and most of the unresolved mass, which amounted to 39.6 % in total, was for diameters exceeding 0.32 µm. The water-soluble ions and elements exhibited an average combined concentration of 8.53 µg m−3, with SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, Na+, and Cl− as the major contributors. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the possible aerosol sources and estimate their contribution to the water-soluble fraction of collected PM. The factor with the highest contribution was attributed to “aged aerosol” (48.0 %), while “sea salt” (22.5 %) and “combustion” emissions (18.7 %) had comparable contributions. “Vehicular/resuspended dust” (5.6 %) and “waste processing” emissions (5.1 %) were also identified. Microscopy analysis highlighted the ubiquity of nonspherical particles regardless of size, which is significant when considering calculations of parameters such as single scattering albedo, the asymmetry parameter, and the extinction efficiency. The significant influence from aged aerosol to Metro Manila during the SWM season indicates that local sources in this megacity do not fully govern this coastal area's aerosol properties. The fact that the majority of the regional aerosol mass burden is accounted for by BC and other insoluble components has important downstream effects on the aerosol hygroscopic properties, which depend on composition. The results are relevant for understanding the impacts of monsoonal features on size-resolved aerosol properties, notably aqueous processing and wet scavenging. Finally, the results of this work provide contextual data for future sampling campaigns in Southeast Asia such as the airborne component of the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) planned for the SWM season in 2019.

show abstract

Section: Waste Processingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The two other LRT factors identified, secondary sulfate and industrial factor source, showed strong associations with the heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb. These chemical markers are reported in petroleum, chemical and manufacturing industries (Park et al, 2002) that are not locally present. The secondary sulfate source marked an enrichment factor for (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) / Na + of 5.7, which G. Bagtasa et al: Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM 2.5 in northwestern Philippines is about the same value as the enrichment factor of a certified reference material of China loess soil (Nishikawa et al, 2000), while that of the industrial emission factor (1.6) corresponds to the enrichment factor of sea salt ageing on processed dust particles from a marine background site in Korea (Cayetano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a widely used receptor model by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The US EPA PMF has been applied to identify and apportion the air pollution sources in an industrial district of the capital city of Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, in which lead (Pb) was found to make significant contributions to both coarse (PM 2.5−10 ) and fine (PM 2.5 ) particulate matter fractions (Pabroa et al, 2011). PMF is utilized in the present study to identify possible emission sources of observed fine aerosols.…”

Section: Wind and Receptor Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM2.5 in northwestern Philippines

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The seasonal and chemical characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were investigated in Burgos, Ilocos Norte, located at the northwestern edge of the Philippines. Each 24 h sample of fine aerosol was collected for four seasons. Fine particulate in the region shows strong seasonal variation in both concentration and composition. Highest mass concentration was seen during the boreal spring season with a mean mass concentration of 21.6 ± 6.6 µg m−3, and lowest was in fall with a mean concentration of 8.4 ± 2.3 µg m−3. Three-day wind back trajectory analysis of air mass reveals the influence of the northwestern Pacific monsoon regimes on PM2.5 concentration. During southwest monsoon, sea salt was the dominant component of fine aerosols carried by moist air from the South China Sea. During northeast monsoon, on the other hand, both wind and receptor model analysis showed that higher particulate concentration was due to the long-range transport (LRT) of anthropogenic emissions from northern East Asia. Overall, sea salt and soil comprise 33 % of total PM2.5 concentration, while local biomass burning makes up 33 %. LRT of industrial emission, solid waste burning and secondary sulfate from East Asia have a mean contribution of 34 % to the total fine particulate for the whole sampling period.

show abstract

“…including especially electronic waste (e-waste) and battery burning and recycling (Gullett et al, 589 2007;Iijima et al, 2007), which was previously reported for Manila (Pabroa et al, 2011). The 590 latter study reported that although there are a few licensed operations for battery recycling, there 591 are numerous unregulated cottage melters across Manila that regularly melt metal from batteries 592 and discard the waste freely.…”

Section: Waste Processing 586mentioning

confidence: 90%

Size-resolved Composition and Morphology of Particulate Matter During the Southwest Monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Cruz¹,

Bañaga²,

Betito³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents novel results from size-resolved particulate matter (PM) mass, composition, and morphology measurements conducted during the 2018 Southwest Monsoon (SWM) season in Metro Manila, Philippines. Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDIs) were used to collect PM sample sets that were analyzed for mass, morphology, black carbon (BC), and composition of the water-soluble fraction. The bulk of the PM mass was between 0.18&#8211;1.0&#8201;&#181;m with a dominant mode between 0.32&#8211;0.56&#8201;&#181;m. Similarly, most of the black carbon (BC) mass was found between 0.10&#8211;1.0&#8201;&#181;m (the so-called Greenfield gap), peaking between 0.18&#8211;0.32&#8201;&#181;m, where wet scavenging by rain is inefficient. In the range of 0.10&#8211;0.18&#8201;&#181;m, BC constituted 78.1&#8201;% of the measured mass. Comparable contributions of BC (26.9&#8201;%) and the water-soluble fraction (31.3&#8201;%) to total PM were observed and most of the unresolved mass, which in total amounted to 41.8&#8201;%, was for diameters exceeding 0.32&#8201;&#181;m. The water-soluble ions and elements exhibited an average combined concentration of 8.53&#8201;&#181;g&#8201;m&#8722;3, with SO42&#8722;, NH4+, NO3&#8722;, Na+, and Cl&#8722; as the major contributors. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the possible aerosol sources and estimate their contribution to the water-soluble fraction of collected PM. The factor with the highest contribution was attributed to <q>Aged/Transported</q> aerosol (48.0&#8201;%) while <q>Sea Salt</q> (22.5&#8201;%) and &#8220;Combustion&#8221; emissions (18.7&#8201;%) had comparable contributions. <q>Vehicular/Resuspended Dust</q> (5.6&#8201;%) as well as <q>Waste Processing</q> emissions (5.1&#8201;%) were also identified. Microscopy analysis highlighted the ubiquity of non-spherical particles regardless of size, which is significant when considering calculations of parameters such as single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, and extinction efficiency. Results of this work have implications for aerosol impacts on public health, visibility, and regional climate as each of these depend on physicochemical properties of particles as a function of size. The significant influence from Aged/Transported aerosol to Metro Manila during the SWM season indicates that local sources in this megacity do not fully govern this coastal area's aerosol properties and that PM in Southeast Asia can travel long distances regardless of the significant precipitation and potential wet scavenging that could occur. That the majority of the regional aerosol mass burden is accounted for by BC and other insoluble components has important downstream effects on the aerosol hygroscopic properties, which depend on composition. The results are relevant for understanding the impacts of monsoonal features on size-resolved aerosol properties, notably aqueous processing and wet scavenging. Finally, the results of this work provide contextual data for future sampling campaigns in Southeast Asia such as the airborne component of the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) planned for the SWM season in 2019. Aerosol characterization via remote-sensing is notoriously difficult in Southeast Asia, which elevates the importance of datasets such as the one presented here.

show abstract

Receptor modeling studies for the characterization of air particulate lead pollution sources in Valenzuela sampling site (Philippines)

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in northwestern Philippines

Size-resolved Composition and Morphology of Particulate Matter During the Southwest Monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Receptor modeling studies for the characterization of air particulate lead pollution sources in Valenzuela sampling site (Philippines)

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in northwestern Philippines

Size-resolved Composition and Morphology of Particulate Matter During the Southwest Monsoon in Metro Manila, Philippines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Seasonal variation and chemical characterization of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in northwestern Philippines