Receptory somatostatynowe w mózgu

Kossut, Małgorzata; Łukomska, Agnieszka; Dobrzański, Grzegorz; Liguz-Lecznar, Monika

doi:10.18388/pb.2018_133

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The endocrine and paracrine signaling activity of somatostatin is mediated by its binding to specific somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which belong to the class of G-protein-coupled receptors. Six different receptors (SSTR1, 2A and B, 3, 4, and 5) have been identified [18], which are widely expressed on various tissues, including retina and brain [19,20]. SS-14 binds with higher affinity to SSTRs 1-4, whereas SS-28 mainly interacts with SSTR5 [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mechanisms of Somatostatin Expression

Ampofo

Nalbach

Menger

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Somatostatin is a peptide hormone, which most commonly is produced by endocrine cells and the central nervous system. In mammals, somatostatin originates from pre-prosomatostatin and is processed to a shorter form, i.e., somatostatin-14, and a longer form, i.e., somatostatin-28. The two peptides repress growth hormone secretion and are involved in the regulation of glucagon and insulin synthesis in the pancreas. In recent years, the processing and secretion of somatostatin have been studied intensively. However, little attention has been paid to the regulatory mechanisms that control its expression. This review provides an up-to-date overview of these mechanisms. In particular, it focuses on the role of enhancers and silencers within the promoter region as well as on the binding of modulatory transcription factors to these elements. Moreover, it addresses extracellular factors, which trigger key signaling pathways, leading to an enhanced somatostatin expression in health and disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mechanisms of Somatostatin Expression

Ampofo

Nalbach

Menger

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Activation of these receptors can protect neurons from damage and death. In turn, SSTR2, when activated, may affect sleep control, including sleep induction and prolongation of REM sleep [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Somatostatin Receptors: Localization and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Receptor–Ligand Interaction in Somatostatin Signaling Pathways: Implications for Neuroendocrine Tumors

Milewska-Kranc,

Ćwikła,

Kolasinska-Ćwikła

2023

Cancers

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Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from neuroendocrine cells and manifest in diverse organs. Key players in their regulation are somatostatin and its receptors (SSTR1–SSTR5). Understanding receptor–ligand interactions and signaling pathways is vital for elucidating their role in tumor development and therapeutic potential. This review highlights SSTR characteristics, localization, and expression in tissues, impacting physiological functions. Mechanisms of somatostatin and synthetic analogue binding to SSTRs, their selectivity, and their affinity were analyzed. Upon activation, somatostatin initiates intricate intracellular signaling, involving cAMP, PLC, and MAP kinases and influencing growth, differentiation, survival, and hormone secretion in NETs. This review explores SSTR expression in different tumor types, examining receptor activation effects on cancer cells. SSTRs’ significance as therapeutic targets is discussed. Additionally, somatostatin and analogues’ role in hormone secretion regulation, tumor growth, and survival is emphasized, presenting relevant therapeutic examples. In conclusion, this review advances the knowledge of receptor–ligand interactions and signaling pathways in somatostatin receptors, with potential for improved neuroendocrine tumor treatments.

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“…Somatostatin (SST-14,28) is considered a universal endocrine molecule and a peptide hormone in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and enteric nervous system (ENS) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). It inhibits via different subtypes of SST receptors, and belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) with 7-transmembrane domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It inhibits via different subtypes of SST receptors, and belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) with 7-transmembrane domains. There are five SST receptors (SSTR1-5 and two isoforms SSTR2A, 2B), which are broadly expressed in the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRGs), and ENS (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The gastrointestinal (GI) system is recognized to be the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption by exocrine, endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine secretory effects in animals during GI physiological and pathophysiological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System

Shamsi¹,

Chatoo²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play an important role in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. SST is produced in various organs and cells, and the inhibitory function of somatostatin-containing cells is involved in a range of physiological functions and pathological modifications. The GI system is the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption, SST-endocrine cells and neurons in the GI system are a critical effecter to maintain homeostasis via SSTRs 1-5 and co-receptors, while SST-SSTRs are involved in chemo-sensory, mucus, and hormone secretion, motility, inflammation response, itch, and pain via the autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exoendocrine pathways. It is also a power inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation, severe inflammation, and post-operation complications, and is a first-line anti-cancer drug in clinical practice. This mini review focuses on the current function of producing SST endocrine cells and local neurons SST-SSTRs in the GI system, discusses new development prognostic markers, phosphate-specific antibodies, and molecular imaging emerging in diagnostics and therapy, and summarizes the mechanism of the SST family in basic research and clinical practice. Understanding of endocrines and neuroendocrines in SST-SSTRs in GI will provide an insight into advanced medicine in basic and clinical research.

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Receptory somatostatynowe w mózgu

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Regulatory Mechanisms of Somatostatin Expression

Regulatory Mechanisms of Somatostatin Expression

The Role of Receptor–Ligand Interaction in Somatostatin Signaling Pathways: Implications for Neuroendocrine Tumors

Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System

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