Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Battery Based on Polyazaacene Analogue Anode

Abstract

The high theoretical specific capacity, strong structural designability and relatively inexpensive manufacturing cost make the exploration of organic electrode materials more attractive in recent years. In this article, owing to the large π-conjugated structure, plenty of nitrogen heteroatoms and multiring aromatic system, polyazaacene analogue poly (1,6-dihydropyrazino[2,3 g]quinoxaline-2,3,8-triyl-7-(2H)ylidene-7,8-dimethylidene) (PQL) was applied as the anode in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). PQL was almost insoluble in conventional liquid organic electrolyte (1 M NaClO 4 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (v:v = 1 : 1) with 5 % fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)), which strongly improved its cycle stability. The initial discharge capacity was obtained to be 1825 mAh g À 1 at the current density of 100 mA g À 1 and stabilized at 317 mAh g À 1 after 400 cycles with the coulombic efficiency as high as 97 %. It not only showed good rate capability at high current densities (202, 183 mAh g À 1 at 1 A g À 1 and 1.5 A g À 1 ) but also had a superior energy density around 290 Wh kg À 1 .

Extremely-Long-Lifespan and Ultrahigh-Rate Li-Ion Batteries Using Conjugated Porous Triazine Polymers

“…The results showed good agreement with the literature data. 21 From the XPS analysis (Figure S2), the distributions of the C and N elements were exhibited and the trace O might have come from the air. The disappearance of Cl further proves that ACT has a high degree of polymerization.…”

“…The peaks at about 1484 cm –1 belonged to the stretching vibrations of CN groups in the triazine rings, and the bending vibration of the C–Cl disappeared at 879 cm –1 . The results showed good agreement with the literature data . From the XPS analysis (Figure S2), the distributions of the C and N elements were exhibited and the trace O might have come from the air.…”

Topotactic Transition: A Promising Opportunity for Creating New Oxides

“…In terms of sodium-ion batteries, Na x CoO 2 epitaxial thin films could be synthesized by combining molecularbeam epitaxy and the topotactic transition to serve as a potential cathode material (Figure 23b). [153] Additionally, Na x VO 2 [154] and other binary systems Na x (Mn,Ni)O 2 , [155] Na x (Fe,Co)O 2 , [156] or Na x (Fe,Ni)-O 2 [157] have also been reported through the topotactic process for the application of sodium batteries.…”

Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium Metal Batteries: A Review

“…In recent years, the growing demands of portable electronics and electric vehicles drastically increased the price of lithium salts. Meanwhile, the limited Li resource and its uneven distributions apply potential risks in the supply chain, promoting the development of next‐generation energy storage system beyond LIBs [2–6] …”

“…Meanwhile, the limited Li resource and its uneven distributions apply potential risks in the supply chain, promoting the development of next-generation energy storage system beyond LIBs. [2][3][4][5][6] In this context, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have been widely concerned for several advantages. Firstly, as the fourth abundant metallic element in the earth's crust, Na possesses a much lower price and more stable supply chain than its Li counterpart.…”