Rechargeable Zn ‐ MnO2 Alkaline Batteries

Abstract

Recent progress in the development of rechargeable alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide cells is described. The advantages and limitations of the system are evaluated. Laboratory tests run on commercial primary alkaline cells as well as model simulations of a bipolar MnO~ electrode show that the rechargeable alkaline battery may be able to compete with lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and secondary lithium cells for low-to moderate-rate applications. However, because of its poor performance at high rates and low temperatures, the alkaline MnO~ battery is not suitable for present automotive starting applications.

Ambient temperature, zinc ion-conducting, binary molten electrolyte based on acetamide and zinc perchlorate: Application in rechargeable zinc batteries

“…Secondary zinc batteries based on aqueous electrolytes [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] have been reported as well. The other class of electrolytes that has received attention is based on polymers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] such as poly(ethyleneoxide) in combination with various zinc salts [11][12][13][14].…”

Regenerable Cu-intercalated MnO2 layered cathode for highly cyclable energy dense batteries

“…Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) has the desired attributes as an electrode material, being abundant, non-flammable, non-toxic, inexpensive, water-compatible and with a high gravimetric capacity of 617 mAh( g—MnO 2 ) −1 (refs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24). Commonly used primary MnO 2 batteries, where electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD or γ-MnO 2 ) is paired with zinc (Zn) anodes, have very high-energy densities, >400 Wh l −1 , but can only be discharged once owing to irreversible changes in the γ-MnO 2 crystal structure131819202122. Limiting the depth of discharge (DOD) to 5–10% of the 617 mAh g −1 MnO 2 gravimetric capacity preserves the reversibility for 1,000–3,000 cycles but reduces energy density to 20 Wh l −1 (ref.…”

Nickel Network Derived from a Block Copolymer Template for MnO2 Electrodes as Dimensionally Stabilized Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

“…Manganese oxide and its derivatives, which have mainly been used in primary lithium batteries and alkaline batteries, have attracted some attention as anode materials for LIBs in recent years, thanks to their high theoretical capacity (700–1000 mA h g −1 ), low cost, environmental friendliness, and natural abundance . However, MnO 2 electrodes suffer from reduced cycle life due to large volume expansions/shrinkages during cycling, originating from poor electric conductivity through the bulk .…”

“…Manganese oxide and its derivatives,w hich have mainly been used in primary lithium batteries [18] and alkaline batteries, [19,20] have attracted some attention as anode materials for To improve lithium-ion batteries further, novel concepts for the reproducible preparation of highly structured bicontinuous battery electrodes are required.W ith this in mind, the main focus of this work is based on the block copolymer template-directed synthesis of metal nanofoams suitable for the rational study and design of the final conductivem atrix through molecular engineering of the startingp olymer. As ap roof of concept, diverse MnO 2 electrodes with nickel foam as substrates are prepared and morphologically and structurally characterized by means of SEM, Ramans pec-troscopy,a nd XRD.…”