Reciprocal Effect of Environmental Stimuli to Regulate the Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis Fate Decision in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs)

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Various external stimuli, including environmental contaminants, heavy metals, dietary, and physical factors, are shown to influence the fate decision of BM-MSCs toward adipogenesis or osteogenesis. The balance of osteogenesis and adipogenesis is critical for the maintenance of bone homeostasis, and the interruption of BM-MSCs lineage commitment is associated with human health issues, such as fracture, osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteonecrosis. This review focuses on how external stimuli shift the fate of BM-MSCs towards adipogenesis or osteogenesis. Future studies are needed to understand the impact of these external stimuli on bone health and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of BM-MSCs differentiation. This knowledge will inform efforts to prevent bone-related diseases and develop therapeutic approaches to treat bone disorders associated with various pathological conditions.

Curcumin-loaded scaffolds in bone regeneration

“…Studies have elucidated the pivotal role of curcumin in orchestrating the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts and their subsequent mineralization. MSCs possess the capacity to differentiate into both osteoblasts and adipocytes, with factors promoting adipocyte accumulation ultimately culminating in decreased bone density [ 62 , 63 ]. Notably, upregulation of the expression and enzymatic activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been identified as pivotal in guiding the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) towards osteoblast lineage.…”

Harmonizing Magnetic Mitohormetic Regenerative Strategies: Developmental Implications of a Calcium–Mitochondrial Axis Invoked by Magnetic Field Exposure

“…Diverse biophysical stimuli have been shown to produce developmental mitohormetic responses involving ROS and calcium signaling [48,85]. Provocatively, the switching between osteogenesis and adipogenesis differentiation states was shown to be modulated by the culmination of distinct biophysical stimuli impinging upon bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with a noted synergism between mechanical and electromagnetic stimuli [86]. This result is consistent with the fact that both mechanical and electromagnetic cellular responses have in common the involvement of TRPC channels upstream of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling pathways [10,87,88].…”

The Therapeutic Effects of Blueberry-Treated Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells present in many tissues and are versatile nonhematopoietic adult cells that can be differentiated into multiple cell types [ 14 ]. MSCs can be obtained from a patient’s own tissue, such as adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, and the umbilical cord [ 8 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The use of MSCs as therapy for stroke would limit immune reactions.…”