Reciprocity counseling: A rapid learning-based procedure for marital counseling

Azrin, Nathan H.; Naster, Barry J.; Jones, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(73)90095-8

Cited by 303 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A within-subject study was conducted with 12 couples who were not necessarily experiencing alcohol problems. Significant improvement was shown in marital happiness during the "reciprocity counseling" weeks in contrast to during the "catharsis-type counseling" weeks (Azrin, Naster, & Jones, 1973).The CRA component that has received the most research attention is the Job Club. As mentioned, the purpose of the Job Club is to help clients obtain employment that is rewarding in numerous ways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Community Reinforcement Approach: History and New Directions

Meyers¹,

Villanueva²,

Smith³

2005

J Cogn Psychother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides an overview of 2 closely linked treatment approaches for the substance abusing client: The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). In 1973, Hunt and Azrin created CRA in an attempt to restructure an individual's "community" so that a sober lifestyle was more rewarding than one dominated by alcohol. One salient CRA premise was that an individual's substance abuse recovery was heavily influenced by his or her social and occupational environment. Sisson and Azrin (1986) later built upon this premise in their work with a new type of client; the loved one of an alcoholic individual who refused to enter treatment. This program was an early version of CRAFT, which is an intervention that works through a nonusing individual to affect the behavior of a substance abuser. This article provides an empirical review of the evolution of these 2 interventions, including their application to illicit drug using clients. It also outlines the clinical procedures that comprise CRA and CRAFT, and considers future research directions. Keywords: [AU: Provide 4 to 6 keywords for indexing]T he Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that was founded on the belief that environmental contingencies play a critical role in encouraging or discouraging substance abuse (Hunt & Azrin, 1973). Accordingly, CRA utilizes community (i.e., familial, social, recreational, and occupational) reinforcers to support change in an individual's drinking or drug using behaviors. In essence, the goal is to rearrange environmental contingencies such that sober behavior becomes more rewarding than substance abusing behavior. This comprehensive intervention blends operant conditioning with a social systems approach to address multiple problem areas.In this chapter we outline the history of CRA, beginning with its original use with alcohol patients, and then tracing its eventual application to drug using populations. Additionally, we discuss the development of an outgrowth of CRA designed to work with the loved ones of treatment-refusing substance abusers; namely, Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). Briefly, three early, well-designed studies demonstrated CRA to be more effective than existing standard treatment for alcohol dependence (Azrin, 1976;Azrin, Sisson, Meyers, & Godley, 1982;Hunt & Azrin, 1973). Some of the more recent alcohol studies replicated this success with larger, ethnically diverse samples (Smith, Meyers, & Delaney, 1998). In the four meta-analytic reviews of treatments for alcoholism conducted over the past 12 years, CRA has consistently placed among the top programs. Depending on the review, it has been ranked from the first to the fifth position out of a group of 30-50 interventions (Finney & Monahan;Holder, Longabaugh, Miller, & Rubonis, 1991;Miller et al., 1995;Miller, Wilbourne, & Hettema, 2003). In addition to its contributions to the alcohol field, CRA has a more recent history of being used in conjunction wi...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Community Reinforcement Approach: History and New Directions

Meyers¹,

Villanueva²,

Smith³

2005

J Cogn Psychother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is considered to be the person's overall evaluation of his or her marriage (Stenberg & Mojjat, 1997 (Azrin, Naster & Jones, 1973).…”

Section: Culture Marriage and Children With Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were collected using the Μarital Happiness Scale (Azrin, Naster & Jones, 1973) and semi-structured interviews.…”

Section: Instrmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Marital Relationship in Greek Families Raising a Child with a Severe Disability

Tsibidaki

2017

EJREP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Las áreas que se consideraron fueron las responsabilidades del hogar, el cuidado de los hijos, las actividades sociales, las finanzas, la comunicación, la interacción sexual, el progreso ocupacional o académico, la independencia personal y la independencia del cónyuge (Azrin, Naster, & Jones, 1973). Los autores encontraron que globalmente las razones por área variaron más o menos de la misma manera que las razones globales en función de los años de matrimonio.…”

unclassified

Contribution of number of children to marital-satisfaction magnitude

Santibáñez

Hernández

Segura

2009

Int. j. psychol. res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The magnitude-estimation method from the social psychophysics was used to study the relative importance that men and women, with different number of children, assigned to 63 marital activities. The results were adjusted with a power function from which the exponent describes the rate of relative importance assigned to the activities. For men, the exponent was progressively lower as the number of children increased. For women, the exponent remained more or less at the same level regardless of the number of children. An analysis by marital-interaction areas corroborated the changes in the global exponents previously described. The importance of social psychophysics to analyze phenomena such as marital satisfaction is discussed.Key words: Magnitude-estimation method, power function, social psychophysics, marital satisfaction. RESUMENSe empleó el método de estimación de las magnitudes de la psicofísica social para averiguar la importancia que hombres y mujeres, con diferentes números de hijos, asignaron a 63 actividades maritales. Se ajustaron los resultados con una función de poder cuyo exponente muestra la razón de importancia de las actividades. Se encontró que para los hombres el exponente disminuyó conforme aumentó el número de hijos. Para las mujeres el exponente permaneció más o menos igual, independientemente del número de hijos. Un análisis por áreas de la interacción marital corroboró los cambios en los exponentes globales previamente descritos. Estos resultados muestran la utilidad de la psicofísica social para analizar fenómenos como la satisfacción marital.Palabras Clave: Método de estimación de las magnitudes, función de poder, psicofísica social, satisfacción marital.Artículo recibido/Article

show abstract

Reciprocity counseling: A rapid learning-based procedure for marital counseling

Cited by 303 publications

References 29 publications

The Community Reinforcement Approach: History and New Directions

The Community Reinforcement Approach: History and New Directions

Marital Relationship in Greek Families Raising a Child with a Severe Disability

Contribution of number of children to marital-satisfaction magnitude

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About