Recoilless gamma-ray lasers

Baldwin, G. C.; Solem, J. C.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.69.1085

Cited by 92 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…8, it can also be seen that the RMF+SLAP can also be used to investigate the excited states with high-K value. It may provide another selfconsistent microscopic description and prediction of the interesting high-K energy trap [57,58]. The other advantage of the RMF+SLAP method is the description of both the ground and excited states simultaneously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell-model-like Approach (SLAP) for the Nuclear Properties in Relativistic Mean Field Theory

et al. 2006

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A Shell-model-Like APproach (SLAP) suggested to treat the pairing correlations in relativistic mean field theory is introduced, in which the occupancies thus obtained having been iterated back into the densities. The formalism and numerical techniques are given in detail. As examples, the ground state properties and low-lying excited states for Ne isotopes are studied. The results thus obtained are compared with the data available. The binding energies, the odd-even staggering, as well as the tendency for the change of the shapes in Ne isotopes are correctly reproduced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell-model-like Approach (SLAP) for the Nuclear Properties in Relativistic Mean Field Theory

et al. 2006

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“…Wider ranging applications of isomers are also a possibility [5,32,33]. The controlled release of stored isomer energy has been one focus of attention.…”

Section: Isomer Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-spin isomers: structure and applications

Walker¹

2010

Nuclear Physics A

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“…But many other difficulties remain. 15 Nevertheless, the potential applications of isomers are widespread, and a better understanding of the processes that control their decay may lead to key advances.…”

Section: Inducing Premature Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ups and Downs of Nuclear Isomers

Walker¹,

Carroll²

2005

Physics Today

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W hat could one do with a clean source of nuclear energy? That tantalizing question reflects a dream that some have hoped to realize by exploiting the energy-storage capabilities of nuclear isomers. But the hope hinges on facets of nuclear behavior that remain unknown despite decades of study. Electromagnetic transitions and b decay, the basic mechanisms that largely determine isomer halflives, are well understood. In many cases, however, it is still not possible to predict half-lives even to within an order of magnitude.Today's isomer research seeks a better understanding of the degrees of freedom that will reveal new aspects of nuclear structure and lead the way to new applications. In this article, we lay out the essential ingredients of nuclear isomerism and take a look at future possibilities. Metastable excited statesThe term "isomer" is borrowed from chemistry, where it refers to molecules that have different geometrical configurations of the same collection of atoms. Isomeric nuclei, as distinguished from isotopes, are different states of the same numbers of protons and neutrons. Whereas chemical isomers have energy states that are similar, sometimes identical, to each other, nuclear isomers always have different energies. Excitation energies can be as high as several MeV.An interesting example of a nuclear isomer is 99m Tc, an excited state of technetium-99. The "m" after the mass number denotes a metastable state-that is, a long-lived isomer. The half-life of 99m Tc is six hours and its excitation energy above the nuclear ground state of 99 Tc is 143 keV. By contrast, typical half-lives of excited nuclear states are about a picosecond. Isomers live at least a thousand times longer. The appellation is usually reserved for excited nuclear states that live longer than a nanosecond. The superscript "m" is even more restrictive; it's reserved for isomers with half-lives of more than a millisecond. If a nuclear species has more than one metastable isomer, an ordinal number after the "m" distinguishes between them in ascending order of excitation energy.Perhaps the most widely known nuclear isomer is the long-lived hafnium excitation 178m2 Hf. With a half-life of 31 years, it sits 2.4 MeV above the stable 178 Hf ground state. The exceptional combination of high excitation energy and conveniently long halflife has led to claims for practical applications that have lent the hafnium isomer unusual visibility (see PHYSICS TODAY, May 2004, page 21).Nature's sole example of an isomer long-lived enough to be called stable is 180m Ta. This tantalum isomer's half-life exceeds 10 15 years. One can only quote a lower lifetime limit, because the isomer's spontaneous decay has never been observed. But the isomer sits 77 keV above a ground state that is itself unstable, with a b-decay halflife of only eight hours.Isomers can lose their excess energy by the usual radioactive decay modes: a, b, or g. The favored mode in any particular case depends on the energies and quantum numbers of the states involved. Decay by neutron o...

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Recoilless gamma-ray lasers

Cited by 92 publications

References 108 publications

Shell-model-like Approach (SLAP) for the Nuclear Properties in Relativistic Mean Field Theory

Shell-model-like Approach (SLAP) for the Nuclear Properties in Relativistic Mean Field Theory

High-spin isomers: structure and applications

Ups and Downs of Nuclear Isomers

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