Reconfigurable Low Voltage Direct Current Charging Networks for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Abstract

An emerging theme in the development of supporting facilities for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) is the costeffective planning and utilisation of charging networks consistent with the uptake of EVs. This paper proposes a low voltage direct current (LVDC) reconfigurable charging network for plugin electric vehicles (EVs) and presents a functional energy management system (EMS) that is capable of planning and operating the charging network to minimise charging cost and to facilitate progressive infrastructure deployment based on EV demand. The charging network is connected to the main AC grid through one or more centralised AC/DC converters that supply a high power charge to EVs connected to the DC side of the converters. The EMS accommodates multiple parking bays, charging sources, AC constraints, non-linear EV battery loads and user charging requirements with a novel approach to managing user inconvenience. The inconvenience model is founded on the presence of user flexibility i.e., an allowance on charging time or battery SOC, providing the capability to increase asset utilisation and enable access for additional network users. Through a series of case studies and a stochastic forecasting approach, the reconfigurable network and EMS demonstrate the capacity to achieve savings over fixed AC and sequential DC systems. Index Terms-Plug-in electric vehicles, direct current charging systems, mixed-integer program, charging infrastructure planning, multiple-charger control.

Modular Approach to Ultra-fast Charging Stations

“…13, this charging network bases its operation on controllable switches, similarly to the architectures that will be proposed in this paper. However, the reconfiguration of the network in [69] aims only to achieve the best charging pattern of the connected EVs to minimize the charging cost. In fact, the EVs parked at the station are all connected to a single charger, but they Fig.…”

“…In fact, the EVs parked at the station are all connected to a single charger, but they Fig. 13 reconfigurable DC charging network in [69] are filled one at a time, following the optimized charging schedule dictated by the energy management system (EMS).…”

Adaptive Control Technique for Portable Solar Powered EV Charging Adapter to Operate in Remote Location

“…Comparison is made with different leading state-of-the-art algorithms, which certainly demonstrates the leading edge of our proposed SIFL-DO methodology. Moreover, efficiency was tested to see the industry redness of the method based upon the European standard (ES) i.e., EN50530 [15].…”

Analysis and Protection of Converter-Side AC Faults in a Cascaded Converter-Based MVDC Link: ANGLE-DC Project

“…With the development of dc power generation, including solar power plants [5] and some types of wind power plants [6], and with the inclusion of energy storage systems [7] and dc electric loads such as electric vehicles [8], hybrid ac/dc distribution networks are required. Although ac/dc networks are more complex than pure ac distribution networks, they offer a higher flexibility and efficiency [9].…”