Reconfiguring wireless environments via intelligent surfaces for 6G: reflection, modulation, and security

Xu, Jindan; Yuen, Chau; Huang, Chongwen; Hassan, Naveed Ul; Alexandropoulos, George C.; Renzo, Marco Di; Debbah, Mérouane

doi:10.1007/s11432-022-3626-5

Cited by 83 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…3) Sensing with intelligent reflecting surface: As a cost-effective technology, Intelligent Reflecting surface (IRS) [182]- [187] has been an attractive subject to improve the performance of communication and sensing systems by reconfiguring the wireless propagation environments smartly. Generally, IRS is a metasurface consisting of a large number of passive reflecting elements.…”

Section: Integration With New Mediumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of mmWave-Based Human Sensing: Technology, Platforms and Applications

Zhang,

Xi,

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the rise of 5G communication networks and automatic driving, millimeter wave (mmWave) sensing is emerging and starts impacting our life and workspace. mmWave sensing can sense humans and objects in a contactless way, providing fine-grained sensing ability. In the past few years, many mmWave sensing techniques have been proposed and applied in various human sensing applications (e.g., human localization, gesture recognition, and vital monitoring). We discover the need of a comprehensive survey to summarize the technology, platforms and applications of mmWave-based human sensing. In this survey, we first present the mmWave hardware platforms and some key techniques of mmWave sensing. We then provide a comprehensive review of existing mmWave-based human sensing works. Specifically, we divide existing works into four categories according to the sensing granularity: human tracking and localization, motion recognition, biometric measurement and human imaging. Finally, we discuss the potential research challenges and present future directions in this area.

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Section: Integration With New Mediumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of mmWave-Based Human Sensing: Technology, Platforms and Applications

Zhang,

Xi,

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…For any two users k and i in the cluster n, π(n, k) > π(n, i) indicates that user i is detected before user k. Then the achievable rate of the i-th user in the n-th cluster is given by ( 7), where J n,i denotes the set consists of users detected after the i-th user in the n-th cluster. For all k ∈ J n,i , the rate for the k-th user to detect the i-th user's signal can be expressed as (8).…”

Section: B Problem Formulation Of Cluster-based Nomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The facilitating the creation of conducive environments [4]- [8]. However, conventional RISs are only capable of reflecting signals, hence only users roaming in the 180 • half-plane can be supported at the same side of RISs [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Location and Beamforming Design for STAR-RIS Assisted NOMA Systems

Gao

Liu

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication systems are investigated in its vicinity, where a STAR-RIS is deployed within a predefined region for establishing communication links for users. Both beamformer-based NOMA and cluster-based NOMA schemes are employed at the multi-antenna base station (BS). For each scheme, the STAR-RIS deployment location, the passive transmitting and reflecting beamforming (BF) of the STAR-RIS, and the active BF at the BS are jointly optimized for maximizing the weighted sum-rate (WSR) of users. To solve the resultant non-convex problems, an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is proposed, where successive convex approximation (SCA) and semi-definite programming (SDP) methods are invoked for iteratively addressing the non-convexity of each sub-problem. Numerical results reveal that 1) the WSR performance can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the specific deployment location of the STAR-RIS; 2) both beamformer-based and clusterbased NOMA prefer asymmetric STAR-RIS deployment.

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“…On the other hand, RM is another way of improving the spectral efficiency, which encodes the extra information in the reflection pattern of RIS [22], [23]. By using RM, the RIS not only encodes the source information at the transmitter, but also delivers its local data as the extra information to the receiver, which is of great significance for the 6G network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superimposed RIS-Phase Modulation for MIMO Communications: A Novel Paradigm of Information Transfer

Yao,

Xu,

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is regarded as an important enabling technology for the sixth-generation (6G) network. Recently, modulating information in reflection patterns of RIS, referred to as reflection modulation (RM), has been proven in theory to have the potential of achieving higher transmission rate than existing passive beamforming (PBF) schemes of RIS. To fully unlock this potential of RM, we propose a novel superimposed RIS-phase modulation (SRPM) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where tunable phase offsets are superimposed onto predetermined RIS phases to bear extra information messages. The proposed SRPM establishes a universal framework for RM, which retrieves various existing RM-based schemes as special cases. Moreover, the advantages and applicability of the SRPM in practice is also validated in theory by analytical characterization of its performance in terms of average bit error rate (ABER) and ergodic capacity. To maximize the performance gain, we formulate a general precoding optimization at the base station (BS) for a single-stream case with uncorrelated channels and obtain the optimal SRPM design via the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Furthermore, to avoid extremely high complexity in maximum likelihood (ML) detection for the SRPM, we propose a sphere decoding (SD)-based layered detection method with near-ML performance and much lower complexity. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of SRPM, precoding optimization, and detection design. It is verified that the proposed SRPM achieves a higher diversity order than that of existing RM-based schemes and outperforms PBF significantly especially when the transmitter is equipped with limited radio-frequency (RF) chains.

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Reconfiguring wireless environments via intelligent surfaces for 6G: reflection, modulation, and security

Cited by 83 publications

References 125 publications

A Survey of mmWave-Based Human Sensing: Technology, Platforms and Applications

A Survey of mmWave-Based Human Sensing: Technology, Platforms and Applications

Joint Location and Beamforming Design for STAR-RIS Assisted NOMA Systems

Superimposed RIS-Phase Modulation for MIMO Communications: A Novel Paradigm of Information Transfer

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