Reconstructing intraordinal relationships in Lepidoptera using mitochondrial genome data with the description of two newly sequenced lycaenids, Spindasis takanonis and Protantigius superans (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Complete mitogenome of the Painted Jezebel, <I>Delias hyparete</I> Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its comparison with other butterfly species

“…Their sizes are likewise well within the range of other known butterfly species, from 1 314 bp of Euploea mulciber (Unpublished, NC_016720) to 1 344 bp of Parnassius bremeri (Kim et al, 2009) for lrRNA, and from 739 bp of Protantigius superans (Kim et al, 2011a) to 788 bp of Acraea issoria for srRNA, respectively. The A+T content value of the two rRNA genes is consistent with those observed in other available butterfly species (Table 3).…”

“…Likewise, the gene content, orientation and order are identical to the majority of other lepidopterans. This type of gene arrangement has been considered to be a synapomorphy for the order Lepidoptera (Kim et al, 2011a) (Boore et al, 1998). Although the gene content of the insect mitogenome is highly conserved, specific characteristics vary considerably among its different groups, e.g.…”

Complete mitochondrial genome of the gelechioidHieromantis kurokoi(Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae)

“…The gene arrangement of H. kurokoi is identical to that of other ditrysian Lepidoptera, including gelechioids, that have the order trnM-trnI-trnQ (where the underline indicates a gene inversion) between the A þ T-rich region and ND2 (Kim et al 2011;Park et al 2016;Timmermans et al 2014;Zhao et al 2016), instead of the ancestral trnI-trnQ-trnM order found in the majority of insects (Boore 1999).…”

Tandem duplication of two tRNA genes in the mitochondrial genome of Tagiades vajuna (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

“…To assess the effects of this strategy, we also conducted analyses on a dataset comprising all three codon positions of all PCGs. Although the removal of RNAs (rRNAs and tRNAs) has been a common approach used in studies utilizing mitogenomic data to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of Lepidoptera (Kim et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2015), there is no evidence of signifi cant incongruence in the phylogenetic signals between RNAs and PCGs in insects (Cameron et al, 2007;Cameron, 2014). RNAs can actually carry a considerable phylogenetic signal and their inclusion has had positive effects on nodal support for some lineages within Lepidoptera (Wan et al, 2013).…”