Rectal swabs are a reliable method of assessing the colonic microbiome

Turner, Greg A.; O’Grady, Michael J.; Hudson, Daniel T; Morgan, Xochitl C.; Frizelle, Frank; Purcell, Rachel

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151549

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This is important as patients are routinely administered antibiotics on admission and antibiotics have been shown in multiple studies (Dudek-Wicher et al, 2018;Mu and Zhu, 2019) to affect the gut microbiome. Previously published findings from our pilot study (Turner et al, 2022) and others (Budding et al, 2014;Reyman et al, 2019;Short et al, 2021) have shown that rectal swabs are a suitable method of analysing changes in the gut microbiome between patient groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Previously published findings from our pilot study (Turner et al, 2022) and others (Budding et al, 2014;Reyman et al, 2019;Short et al, 2021) have shown that rectal swabs are a suitable method of analysing changes in the gut microbiome between patient groups.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Microbiome Between Simple And Complicated ...mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Rectal swabs were taken using DNA/RNA Shield Collection tubes with swabs (Zymo Research, California, USA). Rectal swab is minimally invasive and is a suitable sampling method as proven from previously published pilot study (Turner et al, 2022) . Patients had a rectal swab taken pre-operatively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequencing 16S rRNA region was carried out as per previous publication (Turner et al, 2022) . Specifically, Nextera® XT DNA Index kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was used for library preparation of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, using a single-step PCR with dual index primers (16SF_V3: 5′ -TATG GTAATTGGCC TACGGGA GGC AGCAG-3′ and 16SR_V4: 5′AGTCAGTCAGCCGGA CTACH VGGGTWTCTAAT − 3′).…”

Section: S Rrna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This preliminary study looked at broad changes in taxa in the gut microbiomes between patients with acute appendicitis and healthy controls, and between patients with complicated versus uncomplicated appendicitis, using a well establish method of analysis (16S rRNA sequencing). We have used rectal swabs instead of faecal sampling, a methodology we have previously verified (Turner et al, 2022) . The methodology of this study does not however allow us to determine whether gut microbiome dysbiosis was a cause of appendicitis or just secondary to the pathology.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Microbiome Between Simple And Complicated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The microbiome in adult acute appendicitis

Lee¹,

Sulit²,

Frizelle³

et al. 2022

Gut. Microb.

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Acute appendicitis is a common acute surgical emergency; however, the pathogenesis of adult appendicitis remains poorly understood. The microbiome is increasingly thought to play a key role in inflammatory disease of the bowel and similarly, may play a role in appendicitis. This study aimed to characterise the microbiome of adult acute appendicitis in a prospective cohort. We recruited 60 adults with acute appendicitis and 20 healthy controls. Rectal swabs were taken from each patient. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was carried out for analysis of diversity and taxonomic abundance. Phylogenetic sequencing of the samples indicated that there is a difference between the microbial composition of those with acute appendicitis and healthy controls, with a statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity in rectal swabs of appendicitis patients compared to healthy controls. At the genus level, we saw an increased abundance of potential pathogens, for example, Parvimonas and Acinetobacter, and a decrease in commensal taxa such as Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Lachnospiraceae in appendicitis patients compared to healthy controls. There was a reduction in diversity and loss of commensals in the microbiome of those with acute appendicitis, which may play a role in the cascade leading to acute appendicitis or the result of this.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Comparison Of the Microbiome Between Simple And Complicated ...mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Rrna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of the Microbiome Between Simple And Complicated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The microbiome in adult acute appendicitis

Lee¹,

Sulit²,

Frizelle³

et al. 2022

Gut. Microb.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Colonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria increases risk of surgical site infection after hemorrhoidectomy: a cross-sectional study of two centers in southern China

Li,

Gao,

Wang

et al. 2023

Int J Colorectal Dis

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Purpose The present study aims to determine the rectoanal colonization rate and risk factors for the colonization of present multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRBs). In addition, the relationship between MDRB colonization and surgical site infection (SSI) following hemorrhoidectomy was explored. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of two hospitals. Patients with hemorrhoid disease, who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, were included. The pre-surgical screening of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) colonization was performed using rectal swabs on the day of admission. Then, the MDRB colonization rate was determined through the rectal swab. Logistic regression models were established to determine the risk factors for MDRB colonization and SSI after hemorrhoidectomy. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 432 patients met the inclusion criteria, and the MDRB colonization prevalence was 21.06% (91/432). The independent risk factors for MDRB colonization were as follows: patients who received ≥ 2 categories of antibiotic treatment within 3 months (odds ratio (OR): 3.714, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.436–9.605, p = 0.007), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; OR: 6.746, 95% CI: 2.361–19.608, p < 0.001), and patients with high serum uric acid (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001–1.010, p = 0.017). Furthermore, 41.57% (37/89) of MDRB carriers and 1.81% (6/332) of non-carriers developed SSIs, with a total incidence of 10.21% (43/421). Based on the multivariable model, the rectoanal colonization of MDRBs (OR: 32.087, 95% CI: 12.052–85.424, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin < 100 g/L (OR: 4.130, 95% CI: 1.556–10.960, p = 0.004) were independently associated with SSI after hemorrhoidectomy. Conclusion The rectoanal colonization rate of MDRBs in hemorrhoid patients is high, and this was identified as an independent risk factor for SSI after hemorrhoidectomy.

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