Rectifying Electrical Noise with an Ionic‐Organic Ratchet

Mikhnenko, Oleksandr V.; Collins, Samuel D.; Nguyen, Thuc‐Quyen

doi:10.1002/adma.201404450

Cited by 22 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3D), the current saturates at high A, producing a sigmoidal shape; this observation is consistent with the theoretical prediction that the current is a peaked function of A, appearing sigmoidal at low A (34). This sigmoidal dependence stands in contrast with the linear dependence of diode rectifiers (32). The ratcheting process relies on periodically localizing carriers in potential wells, and higher amplitudes can do so more effectively, especially for relatively slow oscillation frequencies, where the trapping period is long.…”

Section: Dependence Of Ratchet Current On the Amplitude Of The Appliedmentioning

confidence: 80%

Light-responsive organic flashing electron ratchet

Kedem

Lau

Ratner

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ratchets are nonequilibrium devices that produce directional motion of particles from nondirectional forces without using a bias, and are responsible for many types of biological transport, which occur with high yield despite strongly damped and noisy environments. Ratchets operate by breaking time-reversal and spatial symmetries in the direction of transport through application of a time-dependent potential with repeating, asymmetric features. This work demonstrates the ratcheting of electrons within a highly scattering organic bulk-heterojunction layer, and within a device architecture that enables the application of arbitrarily shaped oscillating electric potentials. Light is used to modulate the carrier density, which modifies the current with a nonmonotonic response predicted by theory. This system is driven with a single unbiased sine wave source, enabling the future use of natural oscillation sources such as electromagnetic radiation.ratchet | nonequilibrium | charge transport | organic semiconductor B iological environments are noisy, chaotic, and highly damped (1). Transporting particles under those circumstances is a challenge, for which nature developed molecular motors, such as the myosin-actin system responsible for muscle contraction (2), the kinesin molecular walker (3), and ATP synthase (4). Such systems couple inherent structural asymmetries and relaxation with nondirectional sources of energy, like chemical energy, to obtain directional motion in the presence of strong damping and thermal noise through a mechanism called "ratcheting" (5, 6). For example, in the myosin-actin system, thermal fluctuations of the myosin head on an elastic tether lead to occasional binding of the head to an actin filament, at which point thermal energy is transduced to elastic energy, and the filaments translate relative to one another. A chemical reaction-coupled conformational change in the myosin head upon translation induces release of the head from the actin filament, and renders the translation irreversible. The system thereby uses a chemical trigger to rectify random thermal motion (7). The design principles of natural systems are today being used to develop a variety of molecular machines (8) and to achieve, experimentally, ratcheting of micrometer-sized particles (9), DNA (10), and cold atoms (11).The concept of an electron ratchet has been explored theoretically (12-14) and, in rare cases, experimentally (15-21). There are two major types of electron ratchets: "flashing," in which the electron moves along a periodic potential surface with locally asymmetric repeat units that oscillates between two states, while the source-drain bias along the direction of transport is constantly zero (5, 9); and "tilting," in which the shape of the potential surface remains constant, but the source-drain bias oscillates with a time average of zero (5). Fig. 1 shows a mechanism of transport in perhaps the simplest 1D flashing ratchet system, an "on/off" ratchet. Our interest lies in adapting the flashing ratchet mechanism t...

show abstract

Section: Dependence Of Ratchet Current On the Amplitude Of The Appliedmentioning

confidence: 80%

Light-responsive organic flashing electron ratchet

Kedem

Lau

Ratner

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, electronic ratchets that show high output parameters at room temperature were reported. [ 14,15 ] These devices are made of organic semiconductors and thus have potential for low-cost fabrication on fl exible substrates.An ionic-organic ratchet [ 15 ] is a three-terminal device based on the standard fi eld-effect transistor (FET) structure. From an organic FET with an active layer consisting of a mixture of conjugated polymer and organic salt, a voltage stress is applied in order to create asymmetric nonlinear conductance between source and drain electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This working mechanism results in a directional motion of charge carriers toward the drain electrode within the whole period of the AC signal and is referred to as a "charge pump." [ 15 ] Although these devices have previously shown high output parameters, their preparation is relatively costly, requiring lithography and the vacuum deposition of precious metal. For some applications, such as disposable smart labeling devices, low production cost becomes one of the key requirements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The working mechanism of ionic-organic ratchets is based on the principle of a charge pump. [ 15 ] During the fi rst half-period of the AC signal applied to the gate electrode, charge carriers are mainly injected through the source electrode, since the diode at the drain electrode is closed. However, during the second half period when the AC potential applied to the gate electrode changes its polarity, the accumulated charge carriers in the …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ionic-organic ratchet [ 15 ] is a three-terminal device based on the standard fi eld-effect transistor (FET) structure. From an organic FET with an active layer consisting of a mixture of conjugated polymer and organic salt, a voltage stress is applied in order to create asymmetric nonlinear conductance between source and drain electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape

Брус

Collins

Mikhnenko

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

channel-gate capacitor are extracted through both electrodes, since the diode at the drain electrode is opened and therefore does not suppress the current fl ow. There is no bias applied between the source and drain electrodes. This working mechanism results in a directional motion of charge carriers toward the drain electrode within the whole period of the AC signal and is referred to as a "charge pump." [ 15 ] Although these devices have previously shown high output parameters, their preparation is relatively costly, requiring lithography and the vacuum deposition of precious metal. For some applications, such as disposable smart labeling devices, low production cost becomes one of the key requirements. Here we report a simple, handdrawn, low-cost and environmentally friendly technique for the fabrication of solution-processed fl exible ionic-organic ratchets with high output parameters at room temperature.A graphite pencil trace consists of a nanocomposite of graphite nanoparticles and multilayer nanosheets of graphene mixed with inorganic glue. [16][17][18] Dry-drawn graphite fi lms conduct electricity, possess a large work function, and are resistant to high temperature, moisture, most organic solvents, ultraviolet and radioactive radiation, and natural aging. Pencil-drawn electrodes have already been used in various novel electronic and optoelectronic devices including Li-air battery, [ 16 ] paper super capacitor, [ 17 ] UV sensors, [ 19,20 ] strain sensors, [ 18,21 ] chemiresistive sensors, [ 21,22 ] and pencil-on-semiconductor photo diodes. [ 23,24 ] For the fi rst time, we demonstrate that these graphite electrodes can be successfully used as electrodes in the fabrication of ionic-organic ratchets that operate over a wide range of frequencies, including in response to broadband noise electromagnetic signals, which can be absorbed from the environment.Figure 1 a shows the collection of easily accessible offi ce supplies used to make ionic-organic ratchets. The aluminum foil acts as the "gate" electrode and device substrate, in place of a highly doped silicon single crystal substrate, adhesive tape replaces the SiO 2 dielectric layer, and fi nally, the graphite pencildrawn electrodes replace vacuum-deposited gold electrodes. Two different confi gurations of the source and drain electrodes were drawn by graphite pencil under ambient conditions on pieces of adhesive tape attached to aluminum foil (Figure 1 b,c) in order to investigate the effect of electrode confi guration on the performance and frequency characteristics of the ionicorganic ratchets. The dimensions of Device 1 and Device 2 are shown in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information.The active layer of the ionic-organic ratchet consists of a blend of high mobility conjugated polymer poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophen-2-yl)-alt -[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (P2) [ 25 ] and organic salt trityl tetrakis(pentafl uorophenyl)borate (TrTPFB) with a weight Energy harvesters can be used to generate useful power from zero tim...

show abstract

Understanding the Device Physics in Polymer‐Based Ionic–Organic Ratchets

Брус

Cao

et al. 2017

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-performance solution-processed ionic-organic ratchets are fabricated using polymer semiconductors. The devices can provide both high short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage at room temperature, and be driven by AC signals with frequencies up to 13.56 MHz. The effects of trap density, mobility, and rectification ratio in the device on short-circuit current are investigated and clarified.

show abstract

Rectifying Electrical Noise with an Ionic‐Organic Ratchet

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Light-responsive organic flashing electron ratchet

Light-responsive organic flashing electron ratchet

Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape

Understanding the Device Physics in Polymer‐Based Ionic–Organic Ratchets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About