Recursive residuals for linear mixed models

Bani‐Mustafa, Ahmed; Matawie, Kenan M; Finch, Caroline F.; Al‐Nasser, Amjad D.; Ciavolino, Enrico

doi:10.1007/s11135-018-0814-6

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our data consists of countryyear observations, which justify the use of panel data techniques and a significant Hausman-test confirmed the use of the fixed-effect model. The models are then assessed using standard model diagnostic tools based on residual and recursive residuals in checking the model assumptions (Bani-Mustafa et al, 2019).The results of our panel regression related to the old members before and after the enlargement are summarized in Table 5. The regression results presented in Column 1confirmed our fourth hypothesis and showed a negative and significant relationship between public governance score and tax evasion behavior in old members in both periods: before and after the EU enlargement.…”

Section: Regression Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data consists of country-year observations, which justify the use of panel data techniques and a significant Hausman-test confirmed the use of the fixed-effect model. The models are then assessed using standard model diagnostic tools based on residual and recursive residuals in checking the model assumptions (Bani-Mustafa et al , 2019). The results of our panel regression related to the old members before and after the enlargement are summarized in Table 5.…”

Section: Empirical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tax evasion and public governance before and after the European “big bang”: a red flag for policymakers

Yamen

Mersni

Ramadan

2020

JFC

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of public governance quality on tax evasion levels in old (pre-2004) and new (post-2004) European Union (EU) members before and after the 2004 EU-enlargement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses panel data of 28 EU countries over the period 1996-2015. Tax evasion is measured using an updated version of the shadow economy size based on the light intensity, as calculated by (Medina and Schneider, 2018). The World Bank’s worldwide governance indicators are used as a measure of public governance. Findings The results indicate that new EU members have higher tax evasion levels compared to the old ones before and after the 2004 EU enlargement. The findings also report that the public governance quality is superior in old members throughout the 1996-2015 period. Furthermore, the authors found that after the EU enlargement, tax evasion levels decreased in both EU groups; however, the authors noticed an improvement in the public governance quality in new members and a deterioration in old ones. Additional analysis confirms the impact of public governance quality as an effective tool for reducing tax evasion behavior in both EU groups before and after the EU enlargement. Practical implications The findings are potentially useful for EU policymakers in identifying the most effective tools that can minimize tax evasion levels in EU countries. Additionally, the results are alarming as they show the negative consequences of the EU enlargement in old EU members. Thus, policymakers should consider them when setting their rules and regulations to reduce the significant differences between both EU groups to prevent member states from potentially exiting the EU. Originality/value To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study that examines the tax evasion behavior and public governance quality in the EU before and after the EU enlargement.

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Section: Regression Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tax evasion and public governance before and after the European “big bang”: a red flag for policymakers

Yamen

Mersni

Ramadan

2020

JFC

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“…Descriptive statistics involved frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences among the SMEs groups subject to the sociodemographic data of the businesses. Furthermore, the goodness of fit and model validity and adequacy were checked using residuals and recursive residuals [57]. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationships between constructs and the dimensions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal consistency refers to the degree to which all items on a particular test measure the same attribute. Cronbach α coefficient is 0.88, which is higher than 0.7; it can be considered that this dimension's internal consistency and stability has been achieved [57][58][59].…”

Section: Challenges Facing the Smes During Covid-19 And Potential Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Anxiety and the Performance of SMEs during COVID-19: A Cross-National Study in Kuwait

et al. 2022

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The focal aim of the project was to assess the economic anxiety (EA) and the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) during partial and full lockdowns in Kuwait. The challenges facing the SMEs during COVID-19 and the potential solutions were also explored. The call for this vital investigation was due to the global economic fallout and the shocking drop within the marketplace caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive approach was used for online survey design to collect datasets from 147 SMEs spanning all governorates of Kuwait in the period between March and June 2021. It included sociodemographic data, economic anxiety perception, potential challenges and solutions to SMEs, and SMEs’ performance. The data analysis using SPSS 25 showed that 78.2% of the SMEs were affected directly by the COVID-19 pandemic, and about 83% were affected negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison, only 12.2% experienced a positive impact, mainly medical, technology, social media, food supplies, and delivery or logistics industries. With great concerns of SMEs for all dimensions related to economic anxiety (with an average of around 3.95), the greatest concerns were the financial and cash flow, followed by labor shortage (an average between 4.51 and 5.00). The results also showed that most of the performance indicators for the SMEs were low (with an average of less than or equal to 2.5), and more than 66% of them worked fewer hours during the pandemic; the number of operating hours was dropped dramatically. More than 74% of the SMEs used technology in more than 20% of their activities, representing an increase in using technologies of about 44%, and about 25.2% used social networks in more than 80% of their activities. The performance of SMEs is also found to be significantly and positively correlated with the economic anxiety levels, with a correlation coefficient of 0.186. The findings revealed significant and crucial outcomes for policymaking, decision-makers, and governmental agencies to build recovery plans and proper actions needed to manage the consequences caused by the disaster against the economic and other developments within the context of SMEs. Overall, there is a clear need to find ways and customize operations to adapt to the new work modes that require social distancing, online operations, and site management. In addition, new alternative modes of SMEs work follow to compensate for the lower working hours from the office and increased online working from home.

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“…Coal seams have a maximum fraction of micropores or transition pores on their internal as well as external surface and gas flow in micropores is governed by Fick's law but in the case of mesopores or macropores research has shown that the gas movement is governed by Darcy law [ 77 ]. established a model for gas flow based on crystal, surface, transitional, Knudsen, and Fick's diffusion and concluded them as the main gas flow patterns in coal seams and large variations have been reported in calculations of values by Fick's model [ 78 , 79 ]. The next section describes the different gas flow models proposed.…”

Section: Gas Flow Behavior In Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of micro-fractures on gas flow behavior in coal for enhanced coal bed methane recovery and CO2 storage

Singh,

Nayak,

Kumar

2024

Heliyon

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Recursive residuals for linear mixed models

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Tax evasion and public governance before and after the European “big bang”: a red flag for policymakers

Tax evasion and public governance before and after the European “big bang”: a red flag for policymakers

Economic Anxiety and the Performance of SMEs during COVID-19: A Cross-National Study in Kuwait

Effect of micro-fractures on gas flow behavior in coal for enhanced coal bed methane recovery and CO2 storage

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