Recycling of glucagon receptor to plasma membrane increases in adipocytes of obese rats by soy protein; implications for glucagon resistance

Abstract

Soy protein increases GR recycling to the membrane of adipocytes and its ligand-binding and G protein selectivity, suggesting, it could be used in T2D dietary treatment to reestablish glucagon sensitivity in WAT, leading to the regulation of circulating glucagon levels.

Effect of magnesium sulfate administration to improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes animal model: using the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp technique

“…Our findings in this study illustrated that after T2DM induction plasma glucagon level increased. This effect also was observed previously by other investigations . Mg therapy could not decrease plasma glucagon level in the T2DM animal model.…”

“…Our findings demonstrated that Mg therapy downregulated GR in the T2DM group and this may improve insulin sensitivity. Third, the most important way to reduce insulin resistance is inhibition hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis via repressing gene expression of the enzyme G6Pase that is an enzyme that hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate, resulting in creation free glucose [47,48] and also Pepck major gluconeogenic enzymes [49] which converts pyruvate finally to glucose [47]. According to our investigation, Mg in T2DM rat models by increasing Glut4 mRNA and by decreasing G6pase, GR and Pepck mRNA could increase insulin sensitivity.…”

“…Based on our previous study Mg administration in the T1DM animal model could repair pancreatic islet cells structure and transform pancreatic undifferentiated cells to alpha instead of beta cells. The most important functions of glucagon are raising de novo hepatic glucose synthesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (in the liver), fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis and increasing liver insulin resistance On the other hand, recently there has been increasing temptation in the glucagon receptor as a purpose in diabetes management. Liver cells express the highest GR which is an attractive target for novel diabetes treatment .…”

Improvement in cardiometabolic risk markers following a multifunctional diet is associated with gut microbial taxa in healthy overweight and obese subjects

“…In previous studies, we have observed improved cardiometabolic markers in healthy at-risk individuals after 4–8 week intake of MFD targeting low-grade inflammation [ 7 , 8 ]. The diet exerted also extensive impact on the plasma metabolome, particularly the lipidome [ 9 ]. However, whether these improvements can be associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition has not been investigated.…”

Soy and Isoflavone Consumption and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Trials in Humans

“…Soybean ( Glycine max ), which was first domesticated in the Northeastern China around 1100 B.C., is one of the most important crop plants for seed protein and oil content, and for its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbioses with soil‐borne microorganisms . It is a rich source of bioactive compounds, some with potentially therapeutic antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycaemic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antiobesity, and neuroprotective activities that support the biological plausibility for observational associations. As key active compounds, isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) are changed in the body to phytoestrogens, which are bioactive compounds with mildly estrogenic properties .…”