Recycling spent bleaching earth and oil palm ash to tile production: Impact on properties, utilization, and microstructure

Srisang, Siriwan; Srisang, Naruebodee

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126336

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Several research related to the utilization of SBE and residual oil were briquettes [5], biofertilizers [6], catalysts in transesterification [7], ceramics [8], biodiesel [9], lightweight concrete materials [10], and biodiesel using heterogeneous catalyst [11]. In addition, studies that have used reactivated bleaching earth (RBE) as adsorbent have also been carried out, such as the adsorbent of pigments [12], adsorbent of tetracycline hydrochloride [13], purification of glycerol [14], adsorbent of diclofenac [15] and catalyst supported for RWGS reaction [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Handoko,

Hasanudin,

Suroso

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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One of the stages in edible oil refining is bleaching, which aims to reduce pigments, gums and metals. Bleaching produces large amounts of spent bleaching earth (SBE) solid waste. SBE is usually treated in traditional processing such as landfill, incineration, compost or using the services of third-party. This paper investigated the best scheme for reactivation of SBE based on economic and environmental aspects. The basis of economic and environmental analysis used reactivated SBE with the best treatment, i.e. extraction of residual oil using n-hexane, thermal activation at 600°C for 60 minutes, acid activation using HCl 10% with impregnation BaCl2 5% (RBE-Ba) and without impregnation (RBE). BET analysis results of RBE-Ba and RBE were obtained with a pore surface area of 160 and 150 m2/gr, a total pore of 0.209 and 0.11 cc/gr, and a total pore size of 2.62 and 6.14 nm. The reactivation schemes being compared were build a new plant (NP) in an existing factory and build a new factory (NF). The most profitable scheme is RBE NP, with ROI is 20.97 % and PBP is 3.23 years. RBE NP is more economical because there is no need to buy new land, buildings, transportation, and low cost for chemicals and labour. NPV of RBE NP is USD 446,633.71, IRR is 15%, and B/C ratio is 53.31%. Based on environmental aspect, it can reduces air pollution resulting from SBE transportation, the risk of water and air contamination, and RBE will reduce the mining of bentonites to prevent environmental damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and environmental analysis of spent bleaching earth reactivation

Handoko,

Hasanudin,

Suroso

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…New technologies that allow oil recovery and treatment of the earths, aiming to convert them into useful products are then needed [43]. Currently, studies are being carried out for its possible valorization as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment [43][44][45][46], fertilizer [47] and chicken feeding [48], as well as for its use as a raw material of different construction materials [49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Activating Solution Modulus on the Synthesis of Sustainable Geopolymer Binders Using Spent Oil Bleaching Earths as Precursor

et al. 2021

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The valorization of spent oil bleaching earths (SOBE) is crucial for the protection of the environment and the reuse of resources. In this research, alkali-activated binders were manufactured at room temperature using SOBE as a precursor by varying the mass ratio between the activating solutions of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 6 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (activating solution modulus) (Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio = 1/1; 1/2; 1/3; 1/4) to investigate the influence on the technological properties of the materials. This process intends to evaluate the potential of SOBE, heat-treated at 550 °C (1 h), as a precursor of the reaction (source of aluminosilicates). Samples produced with higher amounts of sodium silicate developed a denser structure, with lower porosity and a higher amount of geopolymer gel. Maximum flexural (8.35 MPa) and compressive (28.4 MPa) strengths of samples cured at room temperature for 28 days were obtained with a Na2SiO3/NaOH mass ratio of 1/1. The study demonstrates that SOBE waste can be used as a precursor in the manufacture of geopolymer binders that show a good compromise between physical, mechanical and thermally insulating characteristics.

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