Recycling spent mushroom substrate into fuel pellets for low-emission bioenergy producing systems

Alves, Lucas da Silva; Moreira, Bruno Rafael de Almeida; Viana, Ronaldo da Silva; Pardo‐Giménez, Arturo; Dias, Eustáquio Souza; Noble, R.; Zied, Diego Cunha

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127875

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Aerobic compression composting technology can be uesd to turn mushroom waste into bioenergy pellets 23 When the mushroom composts are applied as bioenergy pellets in the fuel field, water acts as a binder. An excessive composting time is not conducive to the pelletization process 24 …”

Section: Mushroom By‐productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An excessive composting time is not conducive to the pelletization process. 24 Misshapen mushrooms and mushroom stems During mushroom cultivation, if the water content is inappropriate, the air circulation is poor, and the nutrients in the culture medium are insufficient, misshapen mushrooms will be produced, which will affect the mushroom yield. The chemical composition of the misshapen mushroom is basically the same as that of the normal mushroom, except for the morphological difference, and the misshapen mushroom can be utilized after being sliced and crushed.…”

Section: Mushroom By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorization of mushroom by‐products: a review

2022

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With the rapid growth of the global economy and the global population, the production of solid waste has increased remarkably. Mushrooms are gaining popularity among researchers for their ability to turn waste into nutrients. However, a large number of by‐products are produced during the industrial processing of mushrooms. Traditional waste management, focusing on the utilization and disposal of mushroom by‐products, has attracted the attention of researchers. Meanwhile, the circular economy has become a multidisciplinary research field, and the valorization of mushroom by‐products is a very important part of circular economy research. Various mushroom by‐products of mushroom are reviewed in this paper. By‐products are used in food as raw materials or functional components, in livestock and poultry feed after grinding/fermentation, and as electrochemical materials and papermaking materials. The by‐products can also be used to produce ethanol and other biological sources of energy, as absorbing substances in sewage treatment, and as fertilizer in soil amendment. Mushroom processing by‐products can be applied in various fields. To improve production efficiency, new extraction technology (including supercritical fluid technology and microwave extraction technology) can be adopted to increase the bioactive substance content in the by‐products. Choosing appropriate processing temperature, time, and other processing conditions can also enhance product quality. Finally, more research is needed on the cost‐effective utilization of the by‐products and the feasibility of industrialization. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Mushroom By‐productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mushroom By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of mushroom by‐products: a review

2022

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“…Thus, heterotrophic denitrification has been widely applied due to its low treatment cost and high efficiency [2]. However, it has already been reported that sufficient carbon sources must be supplied to ensure complete denitrification [3], while the current domestic sewage generally has a low carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N). Consequently, an additional carbon source is necessary to increase the denitrification rate and completeness when the C/N is too low [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Mechanisms for Nitrogen Removal Using Anaerobic Fermentation Liquid from Spent Mushroom Substrates as a Carbon Source

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Water

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In wastewater treatment, a low C/N ratio highly inhibits the bioremoval of nitrogen, and commercial external carbon sources are widely used. In order to obtain an economical substitute, fermentation broth of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) was employed here as a carbon source for denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). During the domestication process, the SMS fermentation broth-feeding treatment presented comparable nitrogen removal ability (74.44%) with a commercial carbon source group (77.99%). Rhodobacter, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas were the dominant bacteria in the fermentation broth, and Saccharomycetales Gymnopilus dilepis was the dominant fungi. At the early domestication stage, the relatively high concentration of fermentation broth led to a much lower abundance of typical nitrate reductase genes than the control group. Furthermore, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) formation was observed in the broth-feeding sample. The microbial structure dynamic was investigated, which showed a high influent effect when 20% fermentation broth was added. As domestication proceeded, similar dominant species in the control and broth-feeding treatments were observed. Overall, SMS fermentation broth can be used as a promising substitute to replace a costly commercial carbon source.

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“…For example, the mycelium-bound bio-composites can be grinded and used in a similar way to SMS (spend mushroom substrate) shown by Hanafi et al (2018) to be useful as an agriculture fertilizer due to its high amount of nutrients. Besides of that, ways to recycle the mycelium-bound bio-material as feedstock, for energy production or for the treatment of wastewater were also described (Ariff et al, 2019;Najafi et al, 2019;Alves et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi for the production of new types of biomaterials

Unger¹

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Zusammenfassung Chapter 1 Fungi in renewable material production 1 Introduction 2 Fungi 2.1 Ascomycota and fungal composite production 2.2 Basidiomycota and fungal composite production 2.3 Fungal strategies of wood decay 2.4 Mycelial growth and variation in cell wall structure 2.5 Mycelium composite materials 2.6 Conventional and bio-based insulation material 2.7 Cost-efficient production for commercial launch of bio-composites 2.8 Aim of this thesis 3 References Chapter 2 Preselection of potential fungi for insulation-board production by literature 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 2.1 Physical properties of hyphae and mycelium of concern for use in insulation material 2.2 Growth behavior of fungal mycelium 3 References 4 Appendices Chapter 3 Mycelium as a binder for biodegradable insulation material 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Fungal stock cultures and general cultivation conditions 3.3 Growth increase measurements and density evaluation 3.4 Optimal C-source, light and darkness, growth temperature and pH determination 3.5 Hydrophobicity of mycelia and bio-composite products 3.6 Hyphal branching and morphology 3.7 Bio-composite production -small scale 3.8 Standard substrate mixture for bio-composites 3.9 Sterilization for standard substrate mixture for bio-composites 3.10 Termination of fungal growth after bio-composite production 3.11 Production of mycelium bio-composites in aluminum trays 3.12 Aeration test 3.13 Production of mycelium bio-composites in industrial scale containers 3.14 Sandwich bio-composites 3.15 Note 4 Results 4.1 Screening of best growing test species (performed together with M. Baumann) 4.2 Influence of pH to fungal growth rates (performed together with M. Baumann) 4.3 Influence of carbon source to fungal growth rates 4.4 Influence of dark and light to fungal growth rates 4.5 Mycelium growth pattern 4.6 Sterilizing process of substrates for bio-composite production (performed together with M. Baumann) 4.7 Bio-composite production -on small scale with different substrate mixtures (performed together with M. Baumann) 4.8 Screening substrate compositions in medium size scales for bio-composites (performed together with M. Baumann) 4.9 Production of bio-composite boards (performed together with M. Baumann) 4.10 Proof of principle -Upscaling to industrial scale (performed together with M. Baumann) 5 Discussion and Conclusion 5.1 Environmental factors influencing fungal growth 5.2 Ideal substrates and technical process management in bio-composite production 6 References 7 Appendices Chapter 4 Amylase activity in growth of Basidiomycetes on starch-rich lignocellulosic substrate

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Recycling spent mushroom substrate into fuel pellets for low-emission bioenergy producing systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Valorization of mushroom by‐products: a review

Valorization of mushroom by‐products: a review

Microbiological Mechanisms for Nitrogen Removal Using Anaerobic Fermentation Liquid from Spent Mushroom Substrates as a Carbon Source

Fungi for the production of new types of biomaterials

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