Recycling Vertical-Flow Biofilter: A Treatment System for Agricultural Subsurface Tile Water

Targeting treatment technologies to address specific stormwater pollutants and numeric discharge limits

“…In addition, because these pollutants have a À1 valence, they are not preferentially taken up if pollutants with larger negative valence charges are in the runoff. Removal of nitrite and nitrate typically is best performed by vegetated systems, as shown by Baker and Clark (2012) and Lucas andGreenway (2008, 2011b). Effective nutrient uptake by plants, however, requires low flow rates through the media, so that the nutrients are not flushed past the root zone before the microbial community can immobilize them for future plant use.…”